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Jan 23, 632
Muhammad's death
Muhammad dies. Caliphi come into reign and try to teach his prophecy -
Feb 26, 632
Arubacar becomes first caliphi
Abubakar takes over after Muhammad dies and continues arab unity. He was faced with the challenge of reasserting Islam and he was one of the early converts to Islam under Muhammad. Many tribes during this time tried to break away and there was political and economic revolt. -
Jan 23, 634
Umar takes over as Second Caliph
Abubakar dies and Umar takes over. This time period was a new height for the Arabs.They established that muslim communites were not allowed to raid other muslim communities. -
Jan 23, 644
Umar's Death
Umar is stabbed to death in the mosque by a persian prisoner. This led to war and violence -
Jan 23, 644
3rd Caliphh Uthman takes over
He was married to one of Muhammad's daughters and was weaker than the previous two leaders. Muslims underneath him gained new territory and he made many muslims feel presigious. -
Jan 23, 656
Conflict arises, Uthman is Assassinated
Surrounding tribes and Arabs begin to get into conflict and this turns into Mutany. A group of soldiers assassinates him at the house of Medina -
Jan 23, 656
4th Caliph Alli takes over
Alli is the husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima. His reigh is during a 5 year civil war. This was during Fatmah, meaning a time of temptation. -
Jan 23, 661
Assassination of Alli
After Alli's short 5 year reign he was murdered. The next successor bought the position from Alli's son. -
Period: Jan 23, 661 to Jan 23, 750
Umayyad Dynasty
During this dynasty the capital was in the city of Damascus. They felt it was a place that had easy military access but they relied on the townspeople to run things. Their court system caused much resentence and the Shiites felt that during this dynasty they were dishonoring Muhammad and everything he taught -
Period: Jan 23, 750 to
Abbassid Dynasty
Discontented Muslims found a leader who captures Damascus. There was a banquet that all the Umayyad familt was invited to and he murdered them all. Abu a;-Abbas who founded and now were in charge of this dynasty created an influencial lasting dynasty. During this dynasty the capital was moved from Damascus to Baghdad and Persian tradititon begin to influence the Arabs -
Jan 23, 1055
Figurehead
A Seljuk sultan (authority) who controlled Baghdad left the Abbassid Caliph as a figurehead -
Jan 23, 1095
Crusades
Pope Urban II called for the first crusade -
Jan 23, 1099
Capture of Jesulem
After a long bloody holy war, Christian crusaders caprutred Jerusalem -
Jan 23, 1187
Muslim capture of Jerusalem
The muslim general Salah al- Din drove Christians from Jerusalem and the Christians didn't get it back until after Saladins death in 1244 -
Jan 23, 1216
Mongol invasion
Gengis Khan leads Mongols into Persia and Mesopotamia -
Jan 23, 1258
Hulagu invasion
Hulagu, grandson of Gengis burned and looted Baghdad, killing the last Abbassid caliph. The mongols later adopted Islam -
Decline of Caliph
The abbassid control over the empire fragmented. Independent dynasties under them ruled separate muslim states. As caliph power faded, civil wars erupted and the Shiite rulers took voer parts of the empire -
Turkish migration
the Seljuk Turks migrated into the Middle East from Central Asia. They adopted Islam and built a huge empire across the fertile crescent. -
Period: to
Reign of Huran al- Rashid
The city of Baghdad reached its peak under Huran. For centuries Huran was admired as a model ruler. He was a symbol of weather and splendor. He took control as an absolute monarch
