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570
Birth of Muhammad
Born as Muhammad Ibn 'Abd Allah, our famous prophet was born in Mecca of what is now present day Saudi Arabia -
Nov 3, 610
The First Revelation
According to Islam, this was the event in which the archangel Gabriel visited Muhammad in a cave in Mt. Hira. Gabriel revealed a verse from the Qur'an to him there. -
Nov 3, 622
Muhammad's flight to Medina
With Islam growing, the Umayyad tribes began opposing Muhammad's preaching. Muhammad and many of his followers migrated in 622 to escape extreme persecution. -
Nov 3, 632
Muhammad suddenly dies
Muhammad died of a simple high fever or illness. He died suddenly, but he was not murdered or poisoned, nor did he ascend to the clouds on a flying horse. -
Nov 5, 632
Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs
The Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs was the time of the first four caliphs after the death of the prophet Muhammad. These calpihs were Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali. This era is also known as Rashidun. The term "Rightly Guided" was coined from the later Abbasid Caliphate. -
Nov 3, 633
Muslim conquest of Persia begins
The Persian was ruled by an autocratic emperorwho was manipulated by aristocrats. The emperor's religion, Zoroastrinanism, was being ignored by the commoners. He delayed too long to realize the threat from the Muslims; eventually the Persians fled east and were killed. -
Nov 3, 654
Muslim conquest of Persia ends
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Nov 4, 654
Qur'an compiled
Compiled after the death of Muhammad. Contains his sayings and teachings. -
Dec 4, 656
Civil War; Emergence of Sunni/Shi'a split
Sunnis- followers of the Umayyads. Shi'as- followers of Ali. The Shi'as believed Ali was rightful successor of Muhammad, Sunnis did not. This fued between the two groups caused a war, which contained several assassinations. -
Nov 3, 657
Umayyad Caliphate begins
First Muslim dynasty to rule Caliphate. From 627 and forth Islam turned into their main religion. (Thanks Muhammad!!) -
Nov 3, 711
Muslim Conquest of Spain begins
In 711 Spain was invaded and conqured by Muslims. (Finished being conqured in 718) The three main religions were then Islamic, Christianity, and Judaism. -
Nov 3, 750
Umayyad Caliphate ends
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Nov 3, 750
Abbasid caliphate begins
Named after the uncle of Muḥammad (al-ʿAbbās). Umayyads traveled towards the west, yet people of Abbasid traveled to the east. Traveling to the east lead to changing Baghdad to the new capital. -
Nov 11, 750
Umayyad Caliphate (years of rule)
First Muslim dynasty to rule Caliphate. From 627 and forth Islam turned into their main religion. (Thanks Muhammad!!) -
Nov 3, 756
Baghdad established as capital of Abbasid caliphate
Abbasids had taken over the majority of the Middle Eastern space by 756. Making the new capital of this area Baghdad. Baghdad benefited from trade, thus their economy blossmed more. -
Jul 15, 1099
Crusaders seize Jerusalem
The Crusaders took Jerusalem betwen June 7th and July 15th, during the first Crusade. The crusaders seemed to have suffered worse than the people of Jerusalem, since the people inside were prepared for a siege, and the crusaders were lacking food and water. Of the 5,000 soldiers who started the siege, only 1,500 remained when it was all said and done. -
Nov 3, 1206
Dehli Sultanate established in India
The Delhi Sultanate was a Muslim kingdom that lasted for about 320 years in India. 5 dysnasties came and went during this time: the Mamluk, the Khilji, the Tughlaq, the Sayyid, and the Afghan Lodi dynasty. This powerful sultanate was the destruction of many South Asian temples, but it did bring about the emergence of Indo-Islamic agriculture. It was later replaced by the Maghal Empire. -
Feb 10, 1258
Mongols sack Baghdad; formal end of Abbasid caliphate
At the time, Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The geniuses of that Caliph failed to prepare for an invasion, but were overconfident enough to assume that they would be fine! Well, they weren't and they were sacked. That's the end of the Abbasids. -
Nov 3, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate ends
The Abbasid Caliphate finally ended when the Mongols under Hulagu Khan sacked Baghdad. Though the era of the Abbasid ended, Islam stayed strong, and recentered themselves in Cairo by 1261, just 3 years later. -
Nov 3, 1324
Mansa Musa pilgramage to Mecca
Mansa Musa made the hajj bringing with him thousands of people and plenty of gold. He had so much gold he even lowered the value of it in Cairo at one point. Mansa Musa came in contact with several of the Middle Esatern and European leaders which brought attention to Mali. Mansa Musa brought back home scholars and architects to help educate Mali and create beautiful mosques. He lives on in his legends. -
May 29, 1453
Ottoman Empire conquers Constantinople, end of Byzantine Empire
When the Ottoman Empire conquered Constatinople, they conquerd the capital of the legendary Byzantine Empire. Commanded by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, the Ottoman army defeated the Byzantine army commanded by Byzantine Emporer Constatine XI Palaiologos after a 53 day long seige around the capital. -
Jan 2, 1492
Christian re-conquest of Spain completed; end of Muslim Spain
It started in the 11th century, when Granada was reconquered by the Christians. For the next few centuries they gained power and eventually reconquered the rest of Spain, and any Muslims who dared to remain were forced to convert to Christianity. -
Nov 3, 1526
Mughal Empire established in India
The Mughal Empire was established when the last ruler of the 5th dynsasty of the Delhi Sultanate wsa beaten by Babur. The Maghal emperors were from Central Asia and claimed to be desscendants of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, himself. The Mughal Empire began with Akbar the Great and eventually ended in 1858 due to the British Crown. -
Muhammad triumphs over Umayyads
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Muslim conquest of Spain ends
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Emergence of Sufism
Traditionally, people view Sufism as the mystical version of Islam. Sufism is not necessarily a branch of Islam, but most Sufis today do not consider it possible to be Sufi and not Muslim.
