-
Jan 12, 660
Resources.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate#Abbasid_Golden_Age_.28775.E2.80.93861.29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalus#History
http://islamichistory.org/the-abbasid-caliphate/
http://islamichistory.org/the-umayyads/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Spain -
Jan 10, 661
Muawiyah I(First Umayyad Caliph)
Muawiyah I was formerly a successful governor of Syria. He built a very loyal and well disciplined army and became friends with Amr ibn al-As(Conqured Egypt). He was crowned as the caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty in 661 Jerusalem. Muawiyah Later focused on invading the Romans(Byzantines) for the past 20 years of his life. He later passed away on April 29 or May 1, 680. -
Period: Jan 10, 661 to Jan 11, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Dynasty originally came from a wealthy clan or family in Mecca called Umayyah and Uthman Ibn Affan(second caliph in Islam) was one of their members. Their rival- Hashimites- have had bitterness between one another since before Muhammad appearance. After the Battle of Badr, the Umayyad Clan took control over the Islamic empire and so does the Muawiya I became the first caliph in the Umayyad Dynasty. -
Apr 28, 680
Yazid I
Yazid I was the second Umayyad Calph and the son of Muawiyah(First Umayyad Caliph). Yazid managed to rule the Umayyah Caliphate for three years. He was not well liked nor well known for his rule in the Islam Empire. -
Nov 10, 683
Muawiyah II
Muawiyah II was the third caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate and was the son of Yazid I(Second Umayyad Caliph). He succeeded his father in Damascus in November 683 at the age between 17-23 years old. -
Jun 10, 684
Marwan I
Marwan ibn-Al Hakam Abu al-'As ibn Umayyah was the fourth Umayyad Caliph. He was the grandson of Umayya and the cousin of Uthman(second rightly guided caliph). -
Apr 12, 685
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was the fifth Umayyad Caliph and the successor of Marwan I. During his reign, he was the first Caliph to record all important data in an Arabic form. During his reign, he was managed to expand and conqured the Umayyad's Empire into the Iraq, Hejaz, and North Africa land. -
Period: Jan 11, 711 to Jan 12, 1492
Al-Andalus(Muslim In Spain)
Al-Andalus was the conquest and expansion in the Umayyad Caliphate to the Southern Part of Europe(Spain). The conquest was established by one of the Umayyad Caliphate, Al-Walid I. From a conquest of the new land, it became a new territory of the Umayyad Empire and was named Al-Andalus. After the Umayyad Empire fell, some of the Umayyad people migrated to Andalus and form a small goverment. -
Jan 12, 711
Umayyad In Spain
Umayyad governors began to expand and conquer this new land but most of the time failed miserably by the Native kingdoms. They then decided to expand to the North led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi and sucessfully defeated the Aquitanian duke. In 734, the Andalusi launched raids to the east, capturing Avignon and Arles and exploring the areas. -
Jan 26, 724
Hisham's Reign(Umayyad Expansion)
During the ruling of Hisham, The Islamic empire began to expand to the north east land. They achieved and suffered many different setbacks, mainly in the Caucasus and the Transoxiana. They also managed to conquered Sindh againts the rebellion(Hindus). They also managed to raids some part of the Byzantine Empire's land. -
Dec 4, 744
Marwan II
Marwan II was the last Caliph in the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled the Umayyad Empire for more than 6 years.During 735-736, Marwan II and his army slowly conquring to the north. The army then invaded Georgia leaving them devastated and took 3 fotresses from the Alan(Iranian Nomadic). They also successfully made peace between the Tumanshah. Shortly, in 745 the Abbasid began to revolt againts them. They began to slowly invade the Umayyad's land and conqured some major capitals in the Umayyad Empire. -
Period: Jan 10, 750 to Jan 11, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate originally came from the descendants of the youngest uncles of the Prophet Muhammad, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. They began to form a revolt during the Ummayad's rule and were against the moral character and administration of the ummayads in general. The Abbasid's were then governed and ruled by Al-saffah as the 1st Caliph of Abbasid's Empire. -
Jan 25, 750
As-Saffah(First Abbasid Caliph)
As-Saffah was the first caliph in the Abbasids Empire. His rebel army men, entered Kufa, Southern Iraq to eliminate their rival, Umayyad. In February of 750 during the Battle of (Great)Zab, the Umayyad Caliphate falled and the revolt of the Abbasid was successful. As-Saffah announced the new born Abbasid Empire and became the First Abbasid Caliph. -
Jan 25, 750
Battle Of Zab
The Battle Of Zab was the battle between the Ummayad and Abbasid. The revolt of Abbasids towards the Umayyad govern system has caused a tremendous casualties. Although the Umayyad Armies out numbered the Abbasids, the Abbasids were able to obtain support from the Shia and the Persian. The Abbasids fighting stratergies were way better and efficient as they learnt from the Syrians. The armies that were led by As-Saffah successfully revolt against the umayyad and form a new Caliphate. -
Jun 10, 754
Al-Mansur(Power)
Al-Mansur was the second Caliph of the Abbasid Empire. After the death of his brother Al-Saffah, Al-Mansur decide to move the empire's capital to Baghdad, Iraq. This is because they wanted to be closer to the Persian Mawali(Their Allies). Also during his time as the Abbasid Caliphate, Al-Andalus were lost and a year later a battle broke between the Shiites( Battle of Bakhamra). -
Oct 6, 775
Al-Mahdi(Golden Age)
The Reedemer or also known as Al-Mahdi was the third caliph of Abbasid Caliphate and succeded his father Al-Mansur. Beng the most well known, Al-Mahdi reigned the Abbasid Caliphate for almost 10 years. Al-Mahdi enjoyed and admire music, literature, and poetry and he passed his passion towards his 2 child, Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi and Ulayya bint al-Mahdī. Al-Mahdi also launched the invasion on the Byzantines to conqured their lands. This is because Al-Mahdi was fairly afraid as the Byzantines grew. -
Sep 14, 786
Harun Al-Rashid(House OF Wisdom)
Harun Al-Rashid was the 5th Caliph of the Abbasid Empire. He assigned a lot of wise ministers and government councils so well that they ended up improving peoples lives. He established a legendary library called Bayt al-Hikma(House of Wisdom) that consist various knowledge about Scientific Researches, Various type of culture, and different types of religion. His reign was well known as the scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity -
Sep 27, 813
Al-Ma'Mun(House Of Wisom)
Al Ma'Mun was the 7th Caliph of the Abbasids Caliphate. Al Ma'Mun played a major part in the Islam's Golden Age by establishing the legendary library in Baghdad called the Bayt Al Hikmah. He also Invited scholars to form and share Scientific Inventions(Alchemy, Chemistry, Astronomy, Mathematics, and etc.) and different religious beliefs to form a giant library. Throughout his reign, he has established hundreds of new invention and discovery during this Golden Era. -
Jan 11, 934
The rise of Buyids Dynasty
The Buyids was an Iranian Shia Dynasty that conquered North Eastern part of middle east, Current day(Iraq and Iran). Buyids was founded by Ali ibn Buya's conquered land in 934 and made Shiraz, his capital. Ever since, they began to increase their military power and began to slowly conquer and expand their surrounding lands. They also had some issue and beef between the Abbasid Empire. -
Aug 17, 1136
Al-Muqtafi(Army)
Al-Muqtafi was the 31st Caliph of Abbasid that successfully regained the Military power. He also successfully eliminate the subjection of foreign dynasty(such as Seljuqs which ended in the siege of Baghdad (1157)) after a 250 years struggle in the Abbasid Caliphate. -
Jan 11, 1258
The Fall of Abbasid Caliph(Mongol Invasion)
In 1258 AD(Siege Of Baghdad) the Mongols was able to reach to the capital city of Abbasid, Baghdad. The Mongols out numbered the Abbasids by a hundred thousand army and resulted the death of the whole Abbasid's Empire. The Mongols executed Al-Musta'sim and massacred many residents of the city. This raid also resulted the destruction of the legendary library, Bayt Al-Hikmah(House Of Wisdom) and considered a mark of the end of Islamic Golden Age. -
Jan 2, 1492
The Fall of Muslim Power
Al--Andalus fell in the 1492 as Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile. This marked the end of Muslim in Europe as the Empire falls upon the Castile.
