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Porfirio Díaz Begins Second Terms
During his first couple years in office, Díaz began a slow process of building up power and became a strong political machine. Although his administration did not achieve manypublic improvements, they put down a number of revolts. His reelection wasn't instended originally for him, but for General Manuel Gonzalez, his handpicked successor. But General Gonzalez soon dissatisfied him, which made Diaz run for reelection. -
Birth date of Diego Rivera
Rivera is one of the most influential Mexican artists of the twentieth century and one of the leading founders of the Mexican Muralist Movement. rivera was a larger-than-life figure who spent many of his days as a painter in Europe, the United States as well as Mexico. Rivera's work covered the major happenings in Mexico during the revolution: social inequality; the relationship of nature, industry, and technology; and the history and fate of Mexico. -
Francisco Madero Calls for Reform and Revolt
When Diaz announced he would be running for reelection, Francisco Madero formed the Antireelectionist party and became their presidential candidate in an attempt to prevent Diaz from prolonging his reign. Diaz catches on and has Madero arrested on charges of formenting a rebellion and insulting authorites. Madero is released on bail and flees to San Antonio, Texas where he published the Plan De San Luis Potosi, declaring himself president can calling for an armed revolt. -
Start of Revolution
Porfirio Díaz was dictator at the time since 1877 and was violating the Mexican Constitution of 1857. During his rule he took lands of the working people and gave it to the wealthy people. This caused people, such as farmers, to revolt since they have no land to be able to make a living. From this event, the Mexican Revolution will begin to start. -
Madero Establishes temporary Capital in El Paso
Madero establishes the provisional Capital of Mexico in offices 507-508 of the Caples Building in El Paso. Madeo's soldiers, under command of Pancho Villa and Pascual Orozco attack federal soldiers in Ciudad Juarez. The battle lasts for three days before they defeat Diaz's soldiers. After being informed of his loss, Diaz flees to Paris, where he reamains until his death. -
Rebel Groups
During Díaz's reign revolutionary groups started forming. Two well known groups are formed by Emiliano Zapata, Pancho Villa, and Pascual Orozco. Zapata's group (Zapatistas) was in the south while Villa's group was in the north. Zapata tried to break the hacienda system but soon realizes it would be hard to do. While Villa teamed up with Madero to defeat Díaz and then formed his group. Zapata and Villa joined together along with Venustiano Carranz during the time Victorian Huerta was ruling. -
Las Soldaderas
Around the time the rebel groups started forming, women also took a role in it too. These women called las soldaderas (women soldiers) took part in the revolution not only to get their land back but to also get women rights. They come from both rich and poor with reasons such as to be with their husbands. Most of them usually help out the male soldiers with finding food and treating them. Some even form their own rebel group and commanded male soldiers. -
Francisco Madero
Soon a new preisdent would be elected and that person is Francisco Madero. He was able to become president and beat Díaz by forming the Reelectionist Party to challenge against Díaz. Madero also tried and led an attack on the military garrison but failed, but he earned respect from rebel armies. From his efforts to defeat Díaz and help out the people, he was seen as a hero and the father of the Mexican Revolution. Unfortunately, he was assassinated by Commanding General Victoriano Huerta. -
Huerta, Díaz, and Reyes Plot against Madero
Victoriano Huerta, Felix Díaz (Porfirio's nephew) and Bernardo Reyes put together a plan to overthrow Madero. During La Decena Tragica (ten tragic days), Huerta's, Diaz's and Reyes' forces battle with Madero's army in Mexico city. During this struggle Madero, his brother, and Vice President Jose Maria Pino Suarez are killed. Following this, Huerta takes up the office as president. Venustiano Carranza accuses Huerta of restoring a dictatorship and committing treason because of this. -
Battle of Celaya
Carranza's suporters defeat Villa at the Battle of Celaya under the direction of Alvaro Obregon. Carranza, who fled to Veracruz to negotiate the removal of American military forces, returns to Meixco City in August of 1915. The United States now recognizes Carranza as the president of Mexico. later, Mariano Azuela writes the first novel about the revolution called Los De Abajo (The Underdogs). -
The San Ysabel Massacre
Pancho Villa's followers, known as Villistas, stop a train out by Santa Isabel. During this hold up, eighteen Americans are killed. The people killed were passengers from the ASARCO (American Smelting And Refining Company). In retaliation, residents in El Paso attack Mexicans in a race riot on the 13th. After this incident, Villa raids Columbus, New Mexico in March. In another act of retaliation, the US Military dispatches John J. Pershing with 10,000 US Soldiers to capture Villa. This fails. -
The Constitution of 1917
The Constitution of 1917 was thought up by Carranza. Rather than it helping solve the problems it made groups of people upset. People like landowners and the Catholic Church was oppposed to it. The people were not eager to make the changes. Mexico was still in the state of recovering from the revolution and the difficulties. -
Carranza Elected As President
Venustiano Carranza led forces against Huerta and managed to make him fled out of Mexico. Carranza's government ideas were opposed by Villa and Zapata which caused them problems. After he became president he did little to help reform the land. During his term he also had a constant rivalry with Villa and Zapata. He even tried to make Mexico's oil production under Mexican control but this only angers the U.S. -
José Clemente Orozco
José Clemente Orozco, borned on November 23, 1883, was an artist during the Mexican Revolution. He believed art can be a powerful expression of revolt. He doesn't like how bloody the revolution can be so he expresses the revolution in his art. He was a leader on the Mexican Renaissance along with Diego Rivera. José is also a part of the Mexican Muralists, and goes and teaches others so that they would be more aware of the revolution and what is happening. -
Reform of Lázaro Cárdenas
Things are more settled in Mexico around this time and a new president named Lázaro Cárdenas helped out with the reformation of Mexico. Unlike previous president he realizes the true meaning of why the revolution happened. He helped out and distributed land, made loans for peasants, and organized workers' and peasants' confederations. With his efforts the government was fixed and made better. Slowly the people recovers from the revolution.
