Spread of Islam_FGreene

By figreene
  • 570

    Arabia Before Muhammad

    Makkah
    very important trade stop and religious center of Arabia
    Location of Kaaba(shrine)
    Kaaba is a giant religious center with 300 different shrines/idols
    the population was very differed and diverse
    People settled because of fresh water Arabs
    practiced animistic polytheism
    did not have strong central government
    Bedouins-nomadic
    valued weapons and camels the most Quraysh
    powerful local Arabian tribe
    Pushed tribes to store idols in the Kaaba and then they protected them for a fee
  • 580

    Muhammad's call to prophet

    born into Quraysh tribe sometime from 570-580 CE
    mother and father died when he was young
    raised by uncle
    worked for a rich widow when he was young
    was known to be a "seeker of solitude"/introvert
  • 600

    Early life of Muhammad

    married a rich widow at 25
    had four daughters
    he noticed that many people in Mecca were getting very rich but were not giving to the poor
    disturbed by the peoples actions he left Mecca and went into the mountains
    in the mountains. he learned the sacred word of Allah from the angel Gabriel
    the Angel Gabriel told him to share his teaching
  • 612

    Life of the Prophet

    he went back to the mountains regularly to learn the words of Allah
    went back to Mecca to tell people the Allah was the one god
    did not force people to convert from Judaism or Christianity to Islam because they were already "people of the book" Many people were not happy with Islam and they started to discriminate and boycott Muslims.
    They didn't sell food to Muhammad or his followers
  • 622

    Leaving Mecca

    In 622, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca and went to Yathrib
    this was considered the start of the Muslim era
    The Quraysh was very mad at Muhammad's departure and were looking for revenge
    never had some one split from a tribe/group
  • 622

    constitution of Medina

    was written by Muhammad in 622
    it established the first Islamic state(Medina)
    gave rights to Muslim and Christians
    gave responsibilities too
    gave them freedom of religion
  • 632

    Arabia after Muhammad's death

    Muhammad died in 632 at the age of 62
    before dies his teachings spread vastly across the Middle East, and North Africa
    Muhammad didn't pick his successor
    tribes broke away and began to fight again
    people would refuse to follow the Zakat
  • 632

    Medina

    After settling in Medina, Muhammad started to built a Muslim city.
    many of his laws were connected to Islam
    his house was the first mosque
    the mosques that were built were to nurture the community
    In Medina, you could only have the max of 4 wives
    Muhammad broke the law and had 11 and later changed the law to where you could have more if you were trying to help a women in need.
    In Medina he let followers practice their own faith and changed the direction of worship to face Mecca.
    he died in 632
  • 633

    Caliph Abu Bakr

    was Muhammad's closest friend
    one of Muhammad's original followers
    was appointed Caliph by advisors of Muhammad
    was first Caliph after Muhammad's death
    began to try to unify the tribes again
    went to war against ex-muslims to try to force them back into Islam
    this war was called the Riddah wars,
    he unified the tribes and begain to attack other kingdoms
    he died in 634
  • Period: 634 to 644

    Caliph Umar

    found Muslim Unity essential
    began the foundations of Islam states conquered by Islam armies
    began to standardize the Quran
    second Caliph
    he conquered land under byzantine rule such as Mesopotamia and Syria
  • Period: 644 to 656

    Caliph Uthman

    the third of the four righteous caliphs
    born into noble family
    converted to Islam
    married two of Muhammad's daughters
    Caliph Umar appointed Uthman to be next Caliph
    expanded the Islamic empire to Iran, North Africa and Caucuses
    standardized the Quran
  • Period: 656 to 661

    The first Fitna

    after Uthman was killed, the Muslim people couldn't decide who should be next Caliph
    some people thought that Ali should be caliph(they became Shiites)
    and other Muslims thought that any good Muslim could be leader(became Sunnis)
  • Period: 661 to 750

    Umayyad dynasty

    The Umayyad Dynasty was a by-product of the arab expansion and added Spain, more of North Africa and parts of Central Asia to the Arab empire.
    the Umayyad empire fell due to rebel fighters in 750
  • Period: 750 to 1258

    Abbasid Dynasty

    mongols overthrew Abbasid Dynasty in 1258
    established the capital in Baghdad
    over centuries, warring rivalries began to weaken the Dynasty
  • Period: 1095 to 1291

    The Crusades

    The crusades were violent campaigns by the Christians against the Muslim world
    there were nine crusades
    major fighting regions included Jerusalem, Palestine, Syria, and Egypt
    Christianity barely spread with successful crusades and Islam soldiers would take back control of the regions