Rise and Spread of Islam

Life of Muhammad and meeting the angle Gabriel

570

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%27s_first_revelationMuhammad was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in about c.570 CE and died on June 8th, 632 AD in Medina, Saudi Arabia. According to the Islamic religion, in 610 CE he was on the mountain of Hira outside of Mecca in contemplation, looking for solitude, when the archangle Gabriel appeared to him. He said "read" but Muhammad couldn't read so he then replied "i am unable to read." There Gabriel. took hold of him and embraced him.

Muhammad Flees Mecca to Medina

Jun 5, 622

https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-i-ancient-1600-textbook/middle-eastern-empires-the-late-classical-period-and-the-rise-of-islam-8/muhammad-and-the-rise-of-islam-43/flight-from-mecca-to-medina-160-13229/Muhammad was now seen as a prophet, but the Quarayash tribe didn't like that. They controlled the Koaba and drew their religious and political power from the polytheistic people. They started killing the muslims and a bunch of Muhammads followers became martyrs, because they wouldn't stop believing in Muhammads teachings

Muhammads Death

Jun 8, 632

http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/mo-death.htmIslamic believers say that Muhammad was poisoned 3 years before his death, and that the only reason he didnt die was because he hadn't accomplished his mission yet. Non-muslims do agree that he was poisoned 3 years before his death but he somehow got through that and when he actually died at one of his wives house because of a high fever.

Muslim Conquest of Persia

Dec 14, 644

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_PersiaThe Muslim conquest of Persia, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire in 651.

Quran Compiled

Dec 14, 650

http://islam.about.com/od/quran/a/Compilation-Of-The-Quran.htmAs the Quran was being revealed, Muhammad made special arrangements to ensure that it was written down. With each new verse that was revealed, the Muhammad also dictated its placement within the growing body of text. When the Muhammad died, the Quran has been fully written down.

Civil War; Emergance of Sunni/Shi'a split

Dec 14, 656

http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2007/02/12/7332087/the-origins-of-the-shiite-sunni-splitIn the first Muslim civil war (f656–661) the struggle for the caliphate following the murder of ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, the third caliph (644–656) Abū Sufyān’s son Muʿāwiyah, then governor of Syria, was victorious over ʿAlī, Muhammad’s son-in-law and fourth caliph. Muʿāwiyah then made himself the first Umayyad caliph

Umayyad Caliphate (years of rule) 657-750

Dec 14, 657

http://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayyad-dynasty-Islamic-history657-750
Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the Caliphate (661–750 ce) ruled by Abū Sufyān, had a big rich family of the Quraysh tribe centred at Mecca. At first they resisted Islam nut then they converted in 627. it was divided by two branches of families the Sufyānids (661–684), and the the Marwanids (684–750),

Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs

Dec 13, 661

http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/The%20Rightly-Guided%20Caliphs.htmA regular caliph was the head of the muslum community and his main priority was to follow the path of the prophet. He was a ruler over Muslims but not their sovereign since sovereignty belongs to God only. The caliphs who really did follow the prophets footsteps were called 'The Rightly-Guided Caliphs'. The first were Abu Bakr, 'Umar, Uthman and Ali, they were Muhammads earliest and closest friends. After these four the others followed the duties of kings and eperors,

Conquest of Spain 711-718

Dec 14, 711

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_HispaniaThe Umayyad conquest of Hispania was the initial extension of the Umayyad Caliphate over Hispania, which made it last longer. This led to the fall of the Visigothic Kingdom

Abbasid Caliphate years of rule 750-1258

Dec 14, 750

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_CaliphateThe Syrian army became the basis of Umayyad strength which gave them greater control over the and of arab tribal rivalries. The Muslim rule expanded greatly

Baghdad established as a capital of Abbasid Caliphate

Dec 14, 756

Baghdad established as a capital of Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid dynasty came from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE). The Abbasid caliphate made its government in Kufa, but in 762 Al-Mansur put money into making the city Baghdad. During the golden age of islam the city of Baghdad became a center of science, culture, philosophy and invention.

Emergence of Sufism (mystical Islam) 800-1000

Dec 14, 800

The traditional view is that Sufism is a mystical school of Islam and had its beginnings in the first centuries following the life of the Mohammad. Muslims believe you must be muslim in order to ge here, but there is ways to trace sufism back to the chistian mystics and egypt.

Crussaders seize Jerusalem

Jun 7, 1099

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)It lasted from june 7th to July 15. The crusaders probably suffered more than the citizens of the city, becuase of the lack of food and water around Jerusalem.the city saw the attack comming and prepared. 3,500 out of 5,000 knights died.

Delhi Sultanate established in India

Dec 14, 1206

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Delhi_SultanateFive dynasties ruled over Delhi Sultanate sequentially, the first four of which were of Turkic origin: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90); the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320); the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414); the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51); and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (1451–1526).

Mongols sack Baghdad; formal end of Abbasid caliphate

Dec 14, 1258

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)The Siege of Baghdad, lasted from January 29 alll the way to February 10, 1258 entsiled the investment. Under the command of Hulagu Khan the mongols all planned to attack the caliph Al-Musta'sim

Mansa Musa pilgramage to Mecca

Dec 14, 1324

http://www.blackpast.org/gah/musa-mansa-1280-1337 Mansa Musa ruled over Mali during its "Golden Years" for 25 years. He controlled the gold mines and became rich, because of his wealth and his pilgrimage, Mali got the attention of the world. In his 14 year as a ruler he set his journey out to Mecca. He went with 60,000 men and out of thos 12,000 were slaves. he got an insane amount of moeny from this trip

Ottoman Empire conquers Constantinople, End of Byzantine Empire

May 29, 1453

https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-i-ancient-1600-textbook/byzantium-and-orthodox-europe-6/the-macedonian-dynasty-and-the-late-byzantine-empire-37/the-end-of-the-byzantine-empire-146-13349/The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Army, on 29th May 1453. The restored Byzantine Empire was surrounded by enemies. The Bulgarian Empire and the Serbian Empire conquered With this conquest Ottomans became one of the most powerful empires. He had said “One day, Constantinople will be conquered. How wonderful and blessed are the commander of its conquest and his soldiers!” He did fufil his dream and got what he wanted along with all their riches.

Christian re-conquest of spain completed; End of muslim Spain

Jan 2, 1492

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_SpainOn this dayThe kingdom of Granada falls to the hands of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I, and the Moors lose their last foothold in Spain. The kingdom Granada was made after the last refuge of the Moorish civilization. They had a time period of 200 years where they grew intensively culturaly and econimicly.

Mughal Empire established in India

Dec 14, 2015

http://www.britannica.com/topic/Mughal-dynastyThe dynasty was founded by a Chagatai Turkic prince named Bābur (1526–30), Bābur counted on India to fulfill his hunger for conquest. in 1526 he got people and forces of the at the First Battle of Panipat, and in 1529 he defeated the Afghans. Before his death in 1530 he had conquered all of northern India from the Indus River on the west to Bihar on the east and from the Himalayas south to Gwalior. His sons after him were also very successful and followed in his steps.