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1543
Copernicus
-Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed a heliocentric system
- put forth the theory that the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe
-He didn't actually think the earth revolves around the sun -
Francis Bacon
- Sir Francis Bacon was not only a scientist
- Francis Bacon was an English Renaissance statesman -He destroyed many of his early works.
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Galileo Galilei
-sparked the birth of modern astronomy
-He invented an early microscope and a predecessor to the thermometer.
-discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia -
Rene Descartes
- a creative mathematician of the first order,
- HE CHANGED CAREER PATHS THANKS TO A SERIES OF DREAMS. -HE COULD BE EASILY DISTRACTED BY BRIGHT AND SHINY OBJECTS
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Isaac Newton
- invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics -Sir Isaac Newton contributed significantly to the field of science over his lifetime. -Newton's greatest achievement was his work in physics and celestial mechanics,
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John Locke
- credited as a founder of modern “liberal”
- Locke believed that the most basic human law of nature is the preservation of mankind.
- To serve that purpose, he reasoned, individuals have both a right and a duty to preserve their own lives.
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Montesquieu
- Montesquieu spent around 21 years researching and writing The Spirit of the Laws -providing more than 3,000 commendations.
- Montesquieu believed that a government that was elected by the people was the best form of government.
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Denis Diderot
- co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie
- he was one of the originators and interpreters of the Enlightenment.
- Diderot later received degrees from the University of Paris.
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ean-Jacques Rousseau
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote the philosophical treatises A Discourse on the Origins of Inequality
- three stages described by Rousseau, are investigated Rousseau's contributions to political philosophy are scattered among various works, most notable of which are the Discourse on Inequality,
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Adam Smith
- published The Theory of Moral Sentiments.
- Smith became a professor of philosophy at Glasgow in 1751.
- He actively took part in Glasgow debating societies and often argued for free trade.
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Voltaire
- Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher,
- attacked the Catholic Church and advocated freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.
- He became hugely wealthy by exploiting a flaw in the French lottery.
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James Watt
- He patented several other important inventions including the rotary engine, the double-action engine and the steam indicator, which records the steam pressure inside the engine.
- Developing a rotary engine which mechanised weaving, spinning and transport.
- James Watt was an inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements in steam engine technology drove the Industrial Revolution.
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George Washington
- first American president
- commander of the Continental Army,
- president of the Constitutional Convention
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Thomas Jefferson
- He slashed Army and Navy expenditures -He Was the Major Pen of the Declaration of Independence.
- A Multi-Talented Thinker
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Mozart composed music in several genres, including opera and symphony
- His most famous compositions included the motet Exsultate, Jubilate, the operas The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni, and the Jupiter Symphony.
- he composed more than 600 works
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Maximilien Robespierre
- Maximilien Robespierre was a radical democrat and key figure in the French Revolution of 1789.
- Robespierre briefly presided over the influential Jacobin Club, a political club based in Paris.
- He also served as president of the National Convention and on the Committee of Public Safety.
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Miguel Hidalgo
- Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Mexican priest, teacher, and freethinke
- He is known as the Father of the Homeland for being one of the starters of the Mexican independence movement.
- He got a bachelor's degree in philosophy and theology.
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Simon Bolivar
- He was one of the most prominent political figures in the emancipation of South America from the Spanish empire for his leading role in the independence of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela;
- for his contribution to the founding processes of the present-day republics of Bolivia -Bolívar ended slavery in the countries in which he held political power.