Islam

Muhamad life and the origins of Islam

Period: 500 BCE to 622

In Mecca city Muhammad worked with a shepherd.
He believed in a spiritual lifestyle and enjoy listen to the stories about Abraham and Jesus.
He meditated in the Hiram mountain and Angel Gabriel told him that he was the prophet of Islam around the world and transcrip 6323 verses how a mandatory of Allah.

Muhammad left the Mecca

622

Started the 0° year according their calendar.
Created a military army to spread Islam.

First war in honour to Allah

630

Muhammad commanded an army and they attack Mecca and conquered the city.

Muhammad died

632

The community faced a crissis because the lacked a leader.
Abu- Bakr became in the first caliph-successor and create a new tipe of goverment was called caliphate. For the sake of Islam, Abu-Bakr invoked "jihad" that means "striving" and armed, violence justify the expansion of islam.

The muslim state controlled all of Arabia.

634

Umar was the second caliph and the muslims armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt which were part of byzantine empire.
The next emperors:
Uthman- continued to expand muslim territory.
Ali

Ali (the last caliph) was assasinet.

661

Started the crissis.
Umayyads family came to power and moved the muslim capital to Damascus.
Wealth, ceremony- non muslim rulers gave rise to a fundamental division in the muslim community.

Sunni an shi'a split

662

The belief in the Allah, Muhammad, the Qu'ran and the complement text-Sunna.
The belief about Allah, Muhammad and Qu'ran-Shi'ites.
In the interest of peace, the majority of muslims accepted the Umayyads rule However a minority continued to resist.

Abbasids came to power-Sunni

750

Rebel groups attack the Umayyads
Andalus-Ummayyad family escaped.

The rise of the empire. Abbasids consolidate power-Shi'ites

1258

The abbasids moved the capital of the empire in 762 to Baghdad in central Iraq.
The location on key trade routes gave the caliph access to trade, goods,gold.
He declared descendants of Muhammad.
The rise of the empire.