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1309 BCE
Siege of Algeciras
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1278 BCE
Battle of Algeciras
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Period: 1232 BCE to 1492 BCE
Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (1232 – 1492)
At first the kingdom survives by paying high taxes to the Christian kingdoms.
After a long siege, in 1942 King Boabdil handed the city over to the Catholic Monarchs. -
1108 BCE
Battles of Sagranjas
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Period: 1031 BCE to 1212 BCE
Kingdoms of Taifas and North African dynasties (1031 – 1212)
- In the 11th century Al-Andalus broke up into small kingdoms called Taifa kingdoms.
- The Almoravids came (1086), later they took power.
- The Almohads also arrived from North Africa, more intransigent on religious issues, and took power a little later.
- The Christians defeated the Almohads in 1212 (Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa) and the Muslim territory was reduced to what would later be called the Nasrid kingdom of Granada.
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1009 BCE
Battle of Aqbat al-Bakr
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1003 BCE
Battle of Albesa
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939 BCE
Battle of Alhandic.
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Period: 929 BCE to 1031 BCE
Caliphate of Córdoba (929 – 1031)
- Abd al-Rahman III proclaims an independent caliphate and consequently becomes caliph, his capital in Córdoba.
- Maximum splendor, the advance of the Christian kingdoms is slowed.
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Period: 756 BCE to 929 BCE
Independent Emirate of Baghdad (756 – 929)
- The Abbasid dynasty seized the caliphate from the Umayyads, murdering all members of the family. The capital passes to Baghdad.
- Abd al-Rahman (Umayyad) manages to escape and settles in Al-Andalus
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Period: 711 BCE to 756 BCE
Dependent emirate of Damascus (711 – 756)
- It depended on the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus.
- During that period they settled on the Peninsula and tried to expand throughout France but were defeated by the army of Charles Martel (battle of Poiters (732)).
- There are pacts with the Hispanic-Visigothic population (tax collection) and the two cultures coexist.
- The territory was divided into provinces.