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The evolution of management and employee rights.
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Scientific Management Theory
Scientific Management is the study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process into efficiency. The assembly line was developed through this theory. (1) -
Administrative Management Theory
Henri Fayol developed Administrative management. He differed from scientific management because he focused on efficiency through management training and behavioral characteristics. (1) -
Behavioral Management Thoery
The study of how managers should be have to motivate their employees and encourage them to perform at higher levels. This also influences employee commitment. (1) -
Management Science Theory
An approach to management that uses rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources. (1) -
Fair Labor Standards Act
The FLSA introduced a maximum 44-hour seven-day workweek, established a national minimum wage, guaranteed "time-and-a-half" for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors (3) -
Management Operant Conditioning Theory
Developed by psychologist B.F. Skinner, this is the theory that employees learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences. (1) -
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that all people seek to satisfy five basic needs. He arranged these five basic needs that, according to Maslow, motivate behavior into a hierarchy. Begining with the highest level to lowest level of needs are: physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. (1) -
Organizational Environmental Theory
The theory that the set of forces and conditions that exist outside the workplace can affect a manager's ability to acquire and utilize resources. (1) -
Management Social Learning Theories
A theory that takes into account how learning and motivation are influenced by people’s thoughts and beliefs, and their observations of other people. (1) -
Management Expectancy Theory
The theory that motivation will be high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to the attainment of desired outcomes. (1) -
Management Equity Theory
A theory of motivation that focuses on people’s perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their work inputs. (1) -
Management Need Theories
David McClelland helped create need theories with his belief that people need needs for achievement, affiliation, and power. These theories describe needs that people try to satisfy at work. This gives managers insights about what outcomes motivate members of an organization to perform at a high level and contribute imputs to help the organization achieve its goals. (1) -
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
The following is the text of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub. L. 88-352) (Title VII), as amended, as it appears in volume 42 of the United States Code, beginning at section 2000e. Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. (2) -
Management Goal Setting Theory
A theory that has managers focus on identifying the types of goals that are most effective in producing high levels of motivation and performance and explaining why goals have these effects. (1) -
Equal Employment Opportunities Commission
The EEOC is a federal law enforcement agency, that enforces laws against workplace discrimination. The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individual's race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, disability, genetic information, and retaliation for reporting, participating in, and/or opposing a discriminatory practice. (2) -
Alderfer's ERG Theory
In the late 1960's Clayton Alderfer's ERG Theory collapsed Maslow's hierarchy of needs to three universal categories: existence, relatedness, and growth. Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that a person can be motivated by more than one level at the same time, which is why he collapsed the five needs to three. (1) -
Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory
Frederick Herzberg focused on hygiene and a manager’s need to take steps to be sure this hygiene at the work place is appropriate. Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory distinguishes between motivator needs (related to work itself) and hygiene needs (related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed) and proposes that motivator needs must be met for motivation and to satisfaction to be high. (1) -
The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977
The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Public Law 91-173, as amended by Public Law 95-164) is provided below solely for historic value. (5) -
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSPA)
Each farm labor contractor, agricultural employer and agricultural association which is subject to the MSPA and who employs any migrant or seasonal agricultural worker(s) shall post and keep posted in a conspicuous place at the place of employment a poster prepared by the Department of Labor which explains the rights and protections for workers required under the Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act. (2) -
First Black CEO Fortune 500 Company
In 1987, Dr. Clifton R. Wharton, Jr. became Chairman and CEO of TIAA-CREF — distinguishing him as the first black CEO of a Fortune 500 company. (4-2) -
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)
WARN offers employees early warning of impending layoffs or plant closings. (2) -
Creation of the American Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activities. The ADA also establishes requirements for telecommunications relay services. (2) -
The Family and Medical Leave Act
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) requires employers of 50 or more employees to give up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to eligible employees for the birth or adoption of a child or for the serious illness of the employee or a spouse, child or parent. (2) -
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act
Certain persons who serve in the armed forces have a right to reemployment with the employer they were with when they entered service. This includes those called up from the reserves or National Guard. (6) -
GM names Mary Barra as CEO
Mary Barra becomes the first woman CEO of a major world automaker. GM has already made over 20 billion dollars in profit since emerging from bankruptcy in 2010. (4)
