-
Period: to
Scientific Management Theory
(George & Jones, 2014).
General Dates from Figure 2.1 in text. -
Period: to
Administrative Management Theory
(George & Jones, 2014).
General Dates from Figure 2.1 in text. -
Henri Fayol (Turn of the 20th Century)
Fayol identified 14 principles he believed were essential to increase the effieciency of the management process. These priciples were the division of labor, authority and responsibility, unity of command, line of authority, centralization, unity of direction, equity, order, initiative, discipline, remuneration of personnel, stability of tenure of personnel, subordination of individual interest to the common interest, and esprit de corps (George & Jones, 2014). -
Max Weber: Bureaucracy (Turn of the 20th Century)
Weber developed the principles of bureaucracy which looked at a formal system of organization designed to assure efficiency and effectivness in administration. For Weber, a bureaucracy maintained a hierarchy of authority, an evaluation system with fair rewards, standard operating procedures, and rules (George & Jones, 2014). -
Frederick Taylor-Scientific Management
Taylor develops the four principles of scientific management: observation, measurement, experiment, and inference. He recognized the need of a scientific approach to the task of managing an enterprise. He is often considered the "father" of the scientific managment movement. (Galshan & Prasard, 2011). -
Henry Ford: The Assembly Line
Ford served as the mastermind behind the assembly line. He was able to combine specialization, interchangable parts, and the moving assembly line to form a modern mass production system at Ford Motor Company. Ford controlled both the human and material resources on which his company was established (Piercy, 2012). -
The Gilbreths
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth pioneered time-and-motion study. They aimed to 1) analze individual action and break it into component actions, 2) find more efficient ways to perform the component action, and 3) reorganize the component action so the whole action could be carried out more effieciently (Jones & George, 2014). -
Gnatt Chart (1910's)
A contemporary of "scientific management father," Frederick Taylor, Henry Gnatt headed the development of scheduling and charting procedures. The Gnatt chart helps to demonstrate a project scheule (Piercy, 2012). -
Period: to
Behavior Management Theory
(George & Jones, 2014).
General Dates from Figure 2.1 in text. -
Managing by Committe
Alfred P. Sloan becomes President of Genral Motors and creates a decentralized beauracracy that helps GM's upward growth. The art of delegation is born (Tanz, 2003). -
Statistical Qulaity Control: Walter Shewhart
"The Control of Quality of Manufactured Projects." Shewart developed statistical process controls focused on overall quality managment. Statisitics are applied in order to monitor and control a business process (Piercy, 2012). -
Hawthorne Experiments (1927-1932)
Professor Mayo and Rothlisberger conduct experiments and conclude the worker is a product of personal sentiments and emotional involvments. Managment plays a role in determining worker's attitiues towards their work situation. The experiments highlight human and social factors in organization (Galshan & Prasard, 2011). -
"Management by Wandering Around"
David Packard and Bill Hewlett form Hewlett-Packard. Their supervisory style of "management by wandering around," encourages bosses to "wander" around the office and engage with their employees (Tanz, 2003). -
Period: to
Management Science Theory
(George & Jones, 2014).
General Dates from Figure 2.1 in text. -
Mary Parker Follett: "Dynamic Administration"
The "mother" of management thought. She is considered to be a main contributer to the management thought in the Human Relations Period. She interpreted classical management principles in terms of human factors and held psychology as the foundation of all human activity and applied those to business positions. She proposed the idea that "authority should go with knowledge" (Galshan & Prasard, 2011). -
Peter Drucker
Drucker popularized Gneral Motor's multidivisional structure. He provided a blueprint for the modern corporation, from human resources to research and from development to finance to maufacturers. He helps serve as a foundation for the modern corporation (Tanz, 2003). -
Japanese Style Lean Production: W. Edward Deming
Deming gives his first speech to the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers. What becomes coined as the "Japanese Approach" is Deming's creation of flatter organizational control, enhanced cross-skill worker roles, altered job routines, different machine handling procedures, and different approaches to quality. Known as the "Father of Quality Control," Deming stresses high quality and low costs which in turns brings back customers (Piercy, 2012). -
Period: to
Organizational Environmental Theory
(George & Jones, 2014).
General Dates from Figure 2.1 in text. -
Contingency Theory
Developed by Tom Burns & G.M Stalker in Britain, and Paul Lawrence & Jay Lorsch in the U.S..There is no one way to organize. The structure and control system that management chooses are contingent on external factors in which the organization runs (George & Jones, 2014). -
James MacGregor Burns: Transformational Leadership
Burn's book "Leadership," develops the doctrine of transformational leadership. A leader's job is to determine how his company, and his employees, can benefit society (Tanz, 2003). -
Enthusiastic Management!!!: Tom Peters
Peters writes "In Search of Excellence," (1982) as well as "A Passion for Excellence," (1985) and later works such as The Pursuit of Wow!," (1994). Peters positions himself as the enthusiastic quality management guru (Tanz, 2003). -
"Iacocca"
Chrysler's Lee Iacocca publishes "Iacocca: An Autobiography." The Age of the celebrity CEO is born. CEOs are popularized in society (Tanz, 2003). -
Six-Sigma Movement: Motorola
The Six Sigma Movemen looks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of errors and decreasing deviation in business processes. This is accomplished through statistical process control and improvement in the methodology (Piercy, 2012). -
Servant Leadership
"Servant Leadership," originally created in the 1970s by Robert Greenleaf, former AT&T manager, takes rise upon his death in 1990. The main role of the leader isn't to individually pursue a higher goal, but to act as a servant who keeps his employees happy (Tanz, 2003). -
"Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself"
Daniel Pink publishes "Free Agen Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself." He introduces the idea that workers do not need companies to employ them (Tanz, 2003).
