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Conveyor Belt
Through trial and error the first ever conveyor belt was introduced by Henry Ford and his production manager (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 41). New York, NY: McGrawHill.). The conveyor belt ended up increasing effeciency as well as employee turnover. Henry Ford responded by reducing the length of employee work hours (Jones & George, 2014). -
Scientific Management
Scientific management is defined as the study of relationships between people and tasks for teh purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 39). New York, NY: McGrawHill.). Federick W. Taylor the founder was a firm believer that job specialization would increase effeciency. He also developed four principals within the scientific method ((Jones & George, 2014). -
Fayol's Princepals of Management
Henri Fayol the CEO of Comambault Mining developed the 14 princepals of management that we continue to study to this day (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 46). New York, NY: McGrawHill) Although some of these princepals have faded most of them are still practiced today (Jones & George, 2014). -
Theory of Bureaucracy
During the industrial revolution to help manage growing industrial enterprises Max Weber developed the theory of bureaucracy (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 45). New York, NY: McGrawHill). This theory outlined five main principals that a bureaucracy should have (Jones & George, 2014). -
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is defined as behavior by a machine that, if performed by a human being, would be called "intelligent" (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 573). New York, NY: McGrawHill). Artificial intelligence is commonly used to handle simple manager tasks such as sorting through data or emails. In the near future artificial will most likely play a large role in management processes. -
Administrative behavior (Herbert Simon's)
In 1947, Herbert Simon's published his first book on Administrative Behavior wich proved to not only be influential but also controversial (Kerr, G. (2007). The development history and philosophical sources of herbert simon's administrative behavior. Journal of Management History, 13(3), 255-268. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17511340710754707). Simon viewed organizations as vessels that could shape the views and perceptions of the people within. This way of thinking brought on many critics. -
Internet
The internet is defined as a global system of computer networks that is easy to join nad is used by employees of organizations around the world to communicated inside and outside of their companies (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 513). New York, NY: McGrawHill). The development of the internet not only allowed for people to better communicate but it also set the foundation for globalization. -
Power Taxonomy
The most known conceptualizations of social power is the five-fold typology (Elias, S. (2008). Fifty years of influence in the workplace. Journal of Management History, 14(3), 267-283. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17511340810880634). This typology is better known as power taxonomy which was developed by French and Raven (Elias, S. 2008). The believe of the power of taxonomy is that in order for managers to thrive they must be able to influence people within and outside of their organizations. -
Open System
An open system is a system that takes in external resources to create products (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 56). New York, NY: McGrawHill). This system was developed by Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn and James Thompson (Jones & George, 2014). -
Theory X and Y
Theory X and Y were introduced by Douglas Mcgegor in 1960 (Nell, T. H. (2006). Management history: An umbrella model. Journal of Management History, 12(3), 278-292. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17511340610670188) Theory X and Y are two different view points on how employees will act under certain conditions (Nell, T.H. (2006) -
Contingency Theory
The Contingency Theory states that there is no one best way to organize (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 57). New York, NY: McGrawHill). The Continegency Theory forces companies to best organize in terms of their external enviroment and what will work best for them. -
Equal Pay Act
The equal pay act was formed to ensure that men and women are paid equally when performing equal work (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). After seeing a trend that women are paid less than men proposed the action of passing this act. This act continues to shape management processes to date (Jones & George, 2014). -
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act
The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits the discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color or national origin (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). In 1991 their was a revision of this act that allowed for compensation for people affected before the act was in place. -
S.W.O.T Analysis
The S.W.O.T anylsis is used to identify an organizations strengths, weaknesses, threats and oppurtunities (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 237). New York, NY: McGrawHill). The credit of developing the S.W.O.T anylsis is given to Albert Humprey. -
Grounded Theory
Grounded theory is the assumption that there exists a mind-independent reality that researchers can discover and record (Jones, R., & Noble, G. (2007). Grounded theory and management research: A lack of integrity? Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, 2(2), 84-103. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465640710778502). This theory is used frequently in evaluating mangement research. -
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against workers over the age of 40 (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). The act also restricts mandatory retirement (Jones & George, 2014). -
Constraint Management
Constraints management was developed to better understand and improve complex systems (Boyd, L., & Gupta, M. (2004). Constraints management: What is the theory? International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 24(3), 350-371. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/232339223?accountid=9358). The theory is most used with management within a manufacuring organization. -
Pregnancy Discrimination Act
This act protects against the discrimination of employment based on pregnancy childbirth and related medical decisions (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). This act commonly protects against women who become pregnant while working so they come back to their current job position. -
Supply Chain Management
The supply chain is the organization of all things involved with getting a product to the customer (Storey, J., Emberson, C., Godsell, J., & Harrison, A. (2006). Supply chain management: Theory, practice and future challenges. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 26(7), 754. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570610672220) This method was used to increase the effeciency of moving products to consumers. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The American with Disabilities Act reguires employers to do two different things. The first is to not discriminate against disabled individuals. The second is to make accomondations for these individuals (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). -
Civil Rights Act
This act prohibits discrimination and allows for the awarding of punitie and compensatory damanges, in addition to back pay, in cases of intentional discrimination (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). This act is best described and compensating for individuals who were affected before Title VII of the Civil Rights was enacted. -
Family and Medical Leave Act
This act requires companies to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave to individuals in the event of medical and family reasons. (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 137). New York, NY: McGrawHill). An example of what constitutes for unpaid leave would be the ilness of family member (Jones & George, 2014). -
NAFTA
This trade agreement abolished the tarriffs of almost all goods traded between Mexico, United States and Canda (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 56). New York, NY: McGrawHill). This agreement brought oppurtunities to many organizations as well as threats. This agreement affected Mexico the most in a positive way from the U.S. expanding their operations within Mexico (Jones & George, 2014). -
CAFTA
This trade agreement was viewed as a stepping stone to the FTAA trade agreement (Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Conteporary management . (eight ed., p. 183). New York, NY: McGrawHill). This trade agreement eliminated tarrifs on products that were moving between The United States and all other countries in Central America. -
Meta-SWOT
The Meta-SWOT is an alertanive to the SWOT anylsis except it does not take the market and evironmental factors as given Agarwal, R., Grassl, W., & Pahl, J. (2012). Meta-SWOT: Introducing a new strategic planning tool. The Journal of Business Strategy, 33(2), 12-21. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756661211206708. This method invites planners to start from resources and capabilities.
