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Andrew Carnegie - Manaagment. Steel & Railroad
Andrew Carnegie, depicted here in later life. His legacy is a complicated one of hard work as an immigrant, a rise to power and wealth through hardnosed management, accusations of monopolistic business practices, and a dedication to philanthropy that caused him to avow that “no one should die rich.” (contemporary managment) I really admire Andrew Carnegie, he always though outside of the box, and always viewed efficentcy as number one. He helped build America with his businesses and production. -
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History Of Managment
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F.W. Taylor - Scientific Management
Fredrick W. Taylor is the founder of scientific Managment. He was the first to study; behavior and performance of people at work. He had 4 principles to analyze his study, His theories were the begining of Business Management, He was one of the leaders in the Efficientcy Movement. S.M becomes known worldwide. -
Fordism
Through trial and effort, in making his Ford Automobiles, Henry Ford pioneered the idea of mass production making his Model-T. He was very genorous, but had an enormously high employee turnover rate, 400%!! He wanted his employees to be able to by the car with their salery, make them customers at their own business. He held the upmost standards, even as far as inspecting homes of employees. Reasons for high turnover, today these practices would be deemed highly unethical. -
Principles of Managment - Henri Fayol
Henri Fayol publishes his theories of organization chains of command, separation of functions and the importance of planning. This theory includes 6 functions of management and 14 principles of management. Fayol’s background was in engineering and his theories supported a Scientific approach to business management. The one principle that stuck out to me was Equity -justice and fairness, I think there are alot of situations in the work place where employees are not treated fairly. -
National Hockey League
The Nhl is formed, consisting of 6 teams in Canada and America, since then the league has expanded into 32 hockey markets in north america today. Strict rules and procudures are in place to: Own a team, play on a team, contract law and salery cap are put into place. Board of Goveners and Owners make admisistrative rules, while General Managers and board members make gameplay changes like the rules on the ice for example. -
Behaviour Management - Mary P. Follett
Considered Mother of managemet, looked over Taylors work on management, and this is a response to her concern that he was ignoring the human side of the organization. Behaviour
During 1920's - multiple works.
Management, is the study of how managers should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to work hard and accomplish the goals as an organization.
"authority should go with knownledge, wether it is up the line or down" Follett -
Theory of Bureaucracy - Max Weber
A german sociology porfessor developed bureaucracy; a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency. Webers theory states a bureaucracy should have, system of written rules and standards, clearly specified heirchy of authority, selection and evaluations system, and a clearly specified system. Bureaucratic administration means fundamentally domination through knowledge - Max Weber -
The Hawthorne Studies
Done by Western Electric at the Hawthorn plant in the 1920's. The Hawthorne effect states that a mangers behavior or leadership approach can affect workrs' level of peroformance.
Two findings ; experiementer effect, and social effect.
Companies today, are always pushing to imporve their organiational behavior, as we learn from Hawthorne it has a direct relation with efficentcy. -
The Function of Executives
presents a "theory of cooperation and organization" and "a study of the functions and of the methods of operation of executives in formal organizations. It was originally published in 1938. -
Minimum Wage Law - Fair Labour Stanadards
Minimum wage is set in 1938. The floor was a quarter, per hour. That would be hard going to work, knowing your only making 25 cents an hour. Since 1938, wages have increased and today America's minimum wage is 7.25/hour. U.S.Department of Labour -
Concept of The Corporation
Drucker's focus was the insider view of the company. He focused, in contrast to his contemporaries, on what happened inside a company and how this related to the company's success or failure. Fascinated by this question, he studied management to find out what really made a business tick.
(Wikipedia) -
Heirarchy Of Needs -Abraham Manslow
Maslow’s theory focused on the need of the people. Managers used this in order to try to keep subordinates happy and keep an organized functioning organization. His five needs were as follows: * Self-actualization * Self-esteem * Belongingness needs * Safety needs * Physiological needs.
Generally, the patterns that human motivation flow through, and its effect on the organization. -
Open Systems View
Developed in the 1960s by Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn, and James Thompson, an open system, takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers. They are not self contained, an open system is affected by changes happening in its external enviroment.
(Contemporary Managment) -
Theory X & Y
Theory X and Theory Y: Douglas McGregor challenges the idea that workers will shirk unless thay’re closely policed. Theory X is a set of negative assumptions of employees, and theory Y is positive assumptions such as they actually like to be at work, and workers are thought to be imaginative and initative. Mindtools.com -
Equal Pay Act
The Equal Pay Actrequires that men and women be given equal pay for equal work in the same establishment. The jobs need not be identical, but they must be substantially equal. It is job content, not job titles, that determines whether jobs are substatially equal (Society For Human Resource Management). www.shrm.org -
Expectancy Theory
Victor Vroom published the Expectancy Theory in 1964. This theory is composed of 3 different parts:Valence, either + or+ wether employee wants to retain it or not. Instrumentability, with beliefs that working hard will give you better outcomes than working poorly. Lastly, Expectancy, wether somes act will be followed by an outcome -
Age Discrimination in Employment Act
the goal of ADEA was to to prohibit age discrimation in employment, espically in men or employees over 40 years of age. This gave older people a more equal contestant in getting a job, or promotion. -
Performance Technology
Tom Gilbert wrote the "Human Competence: Engineering Worthy Performance". It describes the behavioral-engineering model which become the leader of performance technology. Accomplishment specification is the only logical way to define performance requirements. Accomplishments are the best starting points for developing performance standards. -
How Competetive Forces Shape Strategy
Micheal Porter published this, and it outlines the five; in the center we have rivalvy with exeisting competition, around this is, barganing power with suppliers, barganing power of buyers, threat of substitiute product or service, and threat of new entrance. -
The dicipline of Innovation
the search for innovative oppurtunities. Found in areas such as unexpected occurrences, incongruities, process needs, industry and market changes as well as demographic changes, changes in perception and new knowledge
(HBR) -
ADA
Civil rights law that prohibits discrimination base on disibility. Discrimination again race,color, religion etc was all deemed illigal with the Civil Rights Act in 1964. I was born before the ADA was established, it is kind of weird to think it wasnt until this late that people with a wheel chair have the same chance (on paper and by law) to get the job.
USA.gov -
Five Disiplines - Peter Senge
The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization” focusing on group problem solving using the systems thinking method to create learning organizations. The five disciplines are; Personal Mastery, Mental Models, Shared Vision, Team Learning, and Systems Think.
(http://www.thechangeforum.com/Learning_Disciplines.htm) -
The Balanced Scorecard
Robert Kaplin, and David Norton, studied and measured the drive performance, and emphasized the importance of non financial performance mesaures
(HBR) -
Free Agent Nation
Daniel Pink publishes Free Agent Nation: The Future of Working for Yourself, arguing that workers no longer need companies to employ them. A year or two later that proves to be a good thing when many of his readers are pink-slipped (CNN) -
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Act. Benifited trade between US, Canada, and Mexico. Aimed to reduce or get rid of the tariffs on goods and services.