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1500
Migration by the Bering Strait
Because of the ice age, an ice path was formed connecting Russia and Asia to North America which is how our first inhabitants got to North America and became Natives. The Natives who crossed had a Nomadic lifestyle because they were following the animals into North American; so they were hunting. -
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Population and Settlement
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1534
The exploration of Jaques Cartier
Jaques Cartier was set off on a mission by the king of France to find three things: 1.gold,money, silks, spices and other valuables 2. Find another route to Asia since the current one was being blocked by the Ottoman Turks 3. Claim more land for the king of France. -
1534
Jacques Cartier's first voyage
1534: Explored and mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence, he found furs, timbers and fish but no gold or silver. -
1535
Jacques Cartier's second voyage
Cartier sailed up the St-Lawrence, reached Stadacona (Quebec). The Natives showed the Europeans how to survive winter and scurvy. The Natives introduced snow shoes and canoes to them so they could get around.They also showed them tips on how to hunt animals. He took some native chiefs back to france. On the third voyage in 1541 he tried to set up a colony but it didn't work. -
Port Royal
in 1605, Champlain was sent to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. The mode of transportation for Natives: canoes and so Nova Scotia was too far for the natives, there was no water near by so the Natives couldn't access it. That’s why the Port Royal failed: its inconvienient position. -
First Permanent Settlement - Québec
Champlain returned in 1608-09 to establish a trading post near Stadacona (Quebec) (first permanent settlement), a point where the river narrows. Which would now be called New France. It was a great spot because it was surrounded by water and the Natives were able to access it. -
The Company of One Hundred Associates
The King of France mandated this company to populate the colony.
At the time there were ony 100 European inhabitants.
The company had attracted several hundread colonists, but they were supposed to attract 4000. -
Second Settlement: Trois-Rivières
Champlain sent Sieur Lavoilette to go find a second settlement at the confluence of the St.Maurice and St.Lawrence rivers. In this region, people in the fur business, were able to communicate with eachother and to prevent the Iroquois from inercepting any trades. Trois-Rivières was the second permanent settlement in New France, after Quebec City in 1608. -
Third settlement: Ville-Marie
Paul Chomedy and Sieur de Maionneuve founded Ville-Marie.
the original purpose of this third settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians, it was then tuned into a major trading post because it was located near water and it was in the heart of the Amerindian territory. Ville-Marie had become Montréal since the 18th century. -
Colonization programs: Immigration
The king encouraged settlement in New France to increase the population.
Jean Talon was appointed indendant of New France.
-Talon wanted just about anybody to come to New France (except the Protestants only Catholics)
-Soldiers were offered free land if they agreed to stay in N.F. after their service was done.
-Minor criminals had the choice of going to prison or living in N.F. -
Colonization programs - Filles du Roy
Orphan Girls, from the streets of France who where Protestants were brought over to new france by the king so that they can get married to a French Catholic and have up to 10-15 babbies to help populate.
-Payments were also given to couples who married young
-Fathers of unmarried girls under the age of 16 paid fines.
-Fathers of unmarried bachelors over the age of 21 paid fines.
-you were rewarded depending on how many babbies you had. -
Seigneurial Regime/System
-The king would grant pieces of land to rich French men who would then give pieces of land to the Censitaires.
Both the Seigneur and the Censitaire had responsibilities to each other:
-the Seigneur was very wealthy
-the Censitaires had to provide the seigneur with a percentage of their crops and fish
-the Seigneurs house was closer to the water so transport was easier and fishing was easier.
-the Catholic Church was very powerfull -
Great Peace of Montréal
The French were in battle with the Iroquois' five nations because the French made alliences with Algonquians, Hurons, Innu and Abenaki's. The Iroquois were enemies with these nations therefore they started a war with the French. The war between the French and the Iroquois lasted approximatly a century. it ended in 1701 thanks to the signing of the Great Peace of Montréal. -
The Acadians being deported by the British
The British first deported Acadians to the Thirteen Colonies. It was very hostile. They barged into their holmes pulling them out and the Acadians left everything behind. If the Acadians didn't want to leave their home, the Britsih burned their house down with them in it. -
British Regime - Immigration
From 1763, British immigration begins, the first to come will be the wealthy business men looking to take over.
From 1791: measures to encourage immigration (granting of land to shipping and railroad companies).
1812: laws discouraging American immigration in Upper Canada.
1840: Colonial Land and Emigration Commission and permanent immigration office in London.
Propaganda was used to encourage immigration. -
Treaty of Paris
New France now belonged to the British, who then changed the name New France to the Province of Quebec. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. -
Immigration of the Loyalists
English American people who were loyal to the King of Britain, came from England and where brought to new france to start a new and better life. It was a wave of immigration that effected New France Greatly; in a positive way. -
The Constitutional Act
The politicial disputes between the Loyalists and the French Canadians resulted in The Constitutional Act signed by the British Parliament in 1791 divided the Province of Québec into two distinct colonies: Lower Canada in the East (French and Catholic) and Upper Canada in the West (English and Protestant) -
Immigration of the Irish (potato famine)
people from Ireland came to take the land in New France because they were starving to death and dying in Ireland.
the potatoes in Ireland where dying and they couldn't grow anymore and that was their main source of food.
the Irish came in a boat with terrible conditions
when they arrived most parents died and the kids where adopted by the french (if they survived)
by the way my photo represents starving irish people stealing from a potato store in Ireland. -
The Cholera epidemic
During the 1830's, British immigrants who were arriving into Québec, brought with them a contagious disease called Cholera, and no treatment existed at the time. It killed more than 3000 people in Québec city which was a huge chunk of the city's population. -
The Abolishment of slavery in Canada
The Slavery Abolition Act came into effect in 1833, abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire, including British North America. The Act made enslavement officially illegal in every province and freed the last remaining enslaved people in Canada. -
British North American Act
This act created the Canadian Federation which enthursted the responsability for idian affairs to the federal governement. -
James Bay Agreement
The James Bay and Northern Québec Agreement was an Aboriginal land claim settlement, approved in 1975 by the Cree and Inuit of northern Quebec. It was the first major comprehensive land claims agreement in northern Canada, heralding in a new era in aboriginal land claims. -
Oka Crisis
In 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The Oka crisis lasted 78 days. -
Peace of the Braves
The Agreement Respecting a New Relationship Between the Cree Nation and the Government of Quebec, is an agreement signed between the Government of Quebec and the Grand Council of the Crees. The Agreement was designed to address historic problems in achieving equitable participation of the Cree people in the employment opportunities and revenues created by development on the traditional Cree territories.
