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Aug 29, 1500
Iroquois
-Semi-sedentary (stay in the same place for 10-15 years)
-Lived in the South
-Agriculture = main source of food
-Good fighters because they know where everyone is
-Lived in long houses
-Matriarch -
Aug 29, 1500
Algonquins
-Nomadic
-Lived in the Northern regions
-Can't farm because of the bad weather
-They are hunters and follow the animals
-Patriarch
-Live in tipis -
Period: Aug 29, 1500 to
Population & Settlement
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Sep 30, 1500
Settlement of North-Eastern America
-The impact of natural and migratory movements on the formation of the population of the north-east America in 1500 (look at the map in the picture)
-Migration by the Bering Strait
-Natural increase in population -
Aug 29, 1534
Cartier's 1st Voyage
-Explored the Gulf of St-Lawrence
-Found a lot of fish, timber, and furs -
Aug 29, 1535
Cartier's 2nd Voyage
-Sailed up the St-Lawrence and arrived at Stadacona (Quebec) -Natives showed the Europeans how to survive winter and scurvy
-They return with native captives -
Aug 29, 1541
Cartier's 3rd Voyage
-Failed at an attempt to set up a colony
-Missionaries attemted to convert natives -
1st Permanent Settlement
In 1605, the King sent Champlain went to Nova Scotia to start a trading post called Port Royal but it was unsuccessful because no one wanted to go all the way to Nova Scotia for trading. -
2nd Permanent Settlement
-In 1608, Champlain went back to New France and created a more successful trading post called Quebec City
-Near Stadocona (where the river narrows)
-Champlain was the one who established it -
Seigniorial Regime
-The King of France gave plots of land to the rich, french men who moved to New France. (Seigneurs)
-The seigneurs rented out their land to peasants
-This increased the immigration to New France -
3rd Permanent Settlement
In 1642, a third settlement was founded named Ville-Marie. The purpose of this settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians but it still became a major trading post because it was located in the heart of the Amerindian territory. In the 18th century, it was renamed Montreal. -
First Wave of Immigration
In 1608, the king of France gave the job of populating New France to the charter companies. They did not succeed because they only cared about their profits. Starting in 1663, the job was given to the intendant, Jean Talon. He enforced several policies that helped increase the population very rapidly. Some of those policies were Filles du Roy, soldiers who stayed after their duty ended got free land, and minor criminals could come live in NF. Also, there were fines for those who weren't married. -
First Intendant
In 1666, the King of France mandated Jean Talon to become the first intendant of New France and his main priority was to populate the colony. -
Great Peace of Montreal
In 1701, Indians from 40 different nations, gathered in Montreal to negotiate a comprehensive peace among themselves and the French. -
Second Wave of Immigration (PART 1)
The British come to New France. First, the wealthy business men come looking to take over making the population 99% french and 1 English. -
Proclamation of 1763
The territorial concessions were finally given to the British and the French had lost the territory. All the people on the territory became British subjects. -
Second Wave of Immigration (PART 2)
After the War of Independance, ten thousand Loyalists left the United States to move to a British colony. Six thousand moved to Quebec and many of those settled in the Eastern Townships. The English population moved from 1% to 10%. -
Third Wave of Immigration
In 1815, there was a lot of Irish immigration due to the Irish Potato Famine and the cholera epidemic. -
Abolishment of Slavery
Black slaves lived in the British regions of Canada in the 17th and 18th century. Slavery was legal in Canada until the British Parliament Slavery Abolishment Act in 1834. -
British North American Act
-2 conferences: first one in Charlottetown and the second one in Quebec
-Became the Dominion of Canada : Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick , Nova Scotia
-Canada became a federation with a strong central government and a provincial government -
Emigration to the US and the west
There was an overpopulation in the country -> A lot of people moved to the cities to work in factories (industrial revolution) -> the cities became crowded and disgusting (horrible living conditions) -> Some people stay in the city or they move to the west or the New Hampshire/Vermont area (for a better life) (the governemnt used propaganda to promote moving to the west) (Promoting moving to the west because Canada is worried that since there is no one there, the Americans will take over) -
Indian Act
-A law that provides ways of undestanding the Native identity.
-There have been over 20 amendments to this law. -
Industrial Revolution (1st Phase)
-The creation of the first trans-Canada railroad
-Factories where finished products were made -
Industrial Revolution (2nd phase)
-Instead of using industrial ressources to create the products, they use natural ressources
-Brain drain (when the most educated and skilled workers leave to seek better opportunities/ starts in 1990s)
-This phase ends in 1915. -
Diversification of the population
Until the end of the 2nd World War, there were discriminatory immigration policies and since 1945, there has been a diversification of the population. -
Oka Crisis
A golf course wanted to expand which meant it went on to native land. The Mohawk warriors therefore had to establish road blocks on the border of their reserves. The native military and the Canadian forces organized themselves and resolved the problem after only 78 days.
