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Aug 30, 1500
Land bridge
The most popular theory for people To travel to America.
Jacques cartier came upon it when he looked for a new route from Asia, in search for gold and other riches, and to claim land for the king of France. -
Sep 24, 1500
Land Bridge (Definition)
A prehistoric connection between two landmasses that allowed humans and animals to colonize new territory before being cut of by the sea. -
Sep 24, 1500
Relations between the native people (conflicts)
Living in close proximity wiht other nations didn't happen without conflicts. Nations were regularly at war. Within the same Iroquoian family for example, the Iroquois and the Hurons were enemies. These conflicts were driven by commercial issues and attempts to restore wounded pride. -
Sep 24, 1500
Relations between the native people
During the 16th century, even though the Native population was spread out, the different nations were in close contact with each other. For example when the Hurons cultivated corn, beans, squash and tobacco, they traded with the Algonquians for hunting and fishing goods. Besides helping each nations economic use, these trades sealed political alliances wiht the participating nations. -
Relations between the native people
It was when the colonisation began to happen that the different Native groups began to come together and unite as one front. This also created some groups who were once allies to turn against each other. -
First settlement (Quebec)
Samuel de Champlain founded Québec to facilitate the fur trade with the Amerindians. The name "Quebec" comes from a word in Amerindian meaning "narrowing". This region on the St. Lawrence River is very narrow, which enables the control of the river traffic. -
The French regime (1608-1760)
During the French regime, multiple explorers were sent by the king of France such as, Jacques Cartier and Samuel Champlain. In 1541, the French attempted to set up a colony, missionaries attempted to convert natives but quickly lost interest. -
The French Regime (1608-1760)
About 60 years later they returned and set up the Seigneurial Regime which was their first incentive to get people to live there. (The seigneurial system was an institutional form of land distribution established in New France in 1627.) -
The Company of One Hundred Associates
The king of France mandated the Company of One Hundred Associates to populate the colony which at the time only had one hundred European inhabitants. The Company attracted several hundred colonists but this was over 4000 less than the projected amount. -
Second settlement (Trois-Rivières)
Champlain put Sieur de Laviolette, of finding a second settlement at the confluence of St. Maurice and St.Lawrence rivers. The site of Trois-Rivières allowed furriers to communicate with each other and to prevent the Iroquois from intercepting their trades. -
Third settlement (Ville-Marie)
Paul Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, founded Ville-Marie close to the Iroquois village of Hochelaga. Even thought the original purpose of this settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians, it soon became a major trading post because it was located in the heart of the Amerindian territory. In the 18th century it was renamed Montréal. -
Jean Talon
The king of France sent Jean Talon to New France to make the take care of augmenting the population. Jean Talon imported retired soldiers, and other -
Jean Talon (Soldiers)
The soldiers were offered free land if they agreed to stay in New France after their service was over. -
The French Canadian population
The French population in Canada consist of the majority of the Canadian population through out the French Regime,the British Regime and the Contemporary Period. This was due to the fact that this population was Catholic and this religion did not believe in contraceptions so the families had an average of 7 children. -
Jean Talon (filles du roi)
The king of france sent girls taken from the streets to New France who were to be married within 30 days of their arrival into business marriages. -
Europeans relations with the native people
Alliances were formed between the natives and the Europeans. The Europeans and the natives started breeding between the different cultural groups which created the "Métissage" (French and natives).
However, even with this cross-breeding, the aboriginal population decimated due to diseases and war. -
Effects of the loyalists
During the British invasion, 36000 Loyalists came to Canada, 6000 of which came to Québec.
Loyalists were people who wanted the British to be in power. This group of people enabled the British community to increase from 1% to 10 %. -
The British regime (1760-1867)
When the British started arriving, in 1760, they considered that they were superior and they wanted all the French language in New France to be changed to English. They started building protestant churches and English schools, in which french children were not allowed to study. -
Immigrants after the Loyalists
After the Loyalists came the Irish who were fleeing famine. The Irish were not accepted by the rest of the population because they would woke for cheaper so they were employed more.This migration spread diseases such as the Cholera epidemic. -
Religious dicersification
During the British Regime the majority of people arriving were no longer Catholics. The British were Protestants and the Irish were protestant and catholic Most of the immigrants were Irish. The catholics immigrants integrated the French Canadian community. -
The Amerindian population
Because of the fact that the British wanted to change the natives to change their way of living to sedimentary lives, they decided to install reserves for them to continue their hunting and fishing rituals. -
Contemporary Period
Immigration policies:
1867: sharing federal-provincial powers with regard to immigration matters under the BNA (British North-American Act).
1878: National Policy. A policy that simplified the entry of caucasian english speakers into canada. -
Contemporary Period
Emigration:
The lack of employment in the agricultural sector and the industrialisation, created a wave of migration towards the west and the United States in the end of the 19th Century and beginning of the 20th Century. -
Contemporary Period
Composition of the population:
Even thought the French Canadians remain in the majority, there had been a diversification of the population since 1945. -
Contemporary period
Urban population and colonisation:
During the contemporary period, there was an increase in the urban population due to industrialisation.
There was an increase in the occupied territory. -
Contemporary Period
Relations with the Native population:
During this period, the natives and the Non-natives opposed occasionally. For example, during the Oka Crisis, where the Non-natives wanted to invade their golf course onto native reserves.
