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Period: Feb 15, 1500 to
Phase 1: The Early Fur Trade
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Feb 15, 1534
Jacques Cartier Successful Trade With A Group From The Stadacona
The First Nations of the East Coast had years of experience trading with Europeans that came to fish cod and continued trading with them after Cartier's voyages. The trade benefited both sides. Peace and friendship was also something that was very important to the First Nations from the trade. -
Period: to
The French-Haudenosaunee Beaver War
In the St. Lawrence and Lower Great Lakes Region there was a war between the Iroquois, Hurons, the northern Algonquians, and their French allies to take control of the Fur Trade. The French forced the Haudenosaunee to a truce. -
Period: to
Phase 2: Expansion Inland
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Port Royal was Founded
In 1604, Samuel De Champlain returned to Canada as an expedition to establish the first French Colony in Acadia, Port Royal. -
Quebec was Founded
Samuel De Champlain travelled once again along the St. Lawrence and established a settlement named Quebec where Stadacona had once stood. -
French and Ouendat Break Truce with Haudenosaunee
The French and the Ouendat attack an Onondaga village. The Onondaga are one of the six Haudenosaunee nations. -
Ouendat Are Defeated
A key French ally the Ouendat were defeated by the Haudenosaunee also removing them as middlemen in the Fur Trade. -
Britain Establishes The Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company competed directly with the French. Setting up the company Britain had offered a monopoly on trade to merchants in an area named Rupert's Land. The Hudson's Bay Company also worked with partners they had as middlemen known as The Blackfoot Confederacy and the Dunne-za. -
Period: to
Phase 3: Rival Networks
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Voyageurs Help In French Fur Trade
After the Ouendat were defeated by the Haudenosaunee New France needed a new way to be able to trade with the First Nations of the Great Lakes. New France then established trading forts where they hired voyageurs to make the long canoe trips between forts and points beyond. The voyageurs were an essential ally in the French Fur Trade. -
Anishinabe and French Truce with Haudenosaunee
Military actions by the Anishinabe and French forced the Haudenosaunee to seek a truce -
La Verendrye Establishes What is Now Manitoba
Canadien fur trader and explorer Pierre Gaultier De La Verendrye founded the first fur trade fort in which now became Manitoba. -
Period: to
Phase 4: The Drive West
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The Battle of The Plains of Abraham
In the result of this hard fought battle between Britain and France, Britain had captured the well protected capital and military base in New France, Quebec. The French Army retreated to Montreal. But a few months later the army returned to Quebec and after battling the British they retreated into Quebec. Both sides were running out of supplies. When the St. Lawrence was rid of ice both sides were watching to see which ship came with both supplies and troops. It was British winning the battle. -
New France Became a British Colony
Both the Montreal trade and The Hudson Bay trade came under the British mercantile system starting a humongous economic shift. The French system had focused on furs while the British system was more about farming agricultural products. Over time this pushed the Fur Trade and the people who made money from it off the land. -
Peter Pond Establishes First Fur Trade Fort In What is Now Alberta
British fur trader Peter Pond founded the first fur trade fort in what now became Alberta. -
The North West Company is Established
After New France became a British Colony the British merchants became independents against the monopoly of The Hudson's Bay Company and took control of the Fur Trade network of Montreal. Hoping that they will get more supplies they successfully united with the Hudson's Bay Company driving The Fur Trade west. -
Fort Chipewyan Was Founded
This is one of the oldest communities in Alberta and started as a fur trade fort. -
Fort George and Buckingham House
On the North Saskatchewan River there were two side by side forts named Fort George, and Buckingham House. All though they were rivals they had one thing in common, their employees shared a water well. They also spied on each other and tried to lure other's business's. -
Fort Edmonton Was Founded
This is one of the oldest communities in Alberta and started as a fur trade fort. -
Lac La Biche Was Founded
This is one of the oldest communities in Alberta and started as a fur trade fort. -
Rocky Mountain House Was Founded
This is one of the oldest communities in Alberta and started as a fur trade fort. -
Fort Dunvegan Was Founded
This is one of the oldest communities in Alberta and started as a fur trade fort. -
The Hudson's Bay Company and The North West Company Merged
The competition between The Hudson's Bay Company and The North West Company led to shooting, fights, and hostages were being taken. Britain ended the war and they merged under the name of The Hudson's Bay Company. -
Period: to
Phase 5: Monopoly in the West
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Received A Letter From York Factory
Letitia Hargrave writes a letter about her encounter with Indians and that the mosquitoes are almost over. -
Father Albert Lacombe
Father Albert Lacombe, a Canadien Oblate priest from Alberta converted many First Nations People to Catholisism and introduced them to farming. -
Confederation
Confederation was an agreement between four colonies of British North America to form Canada. -
Canada Expands Land Known as Rupert's Land
Canada purchased 8 million square kilometers of land known as Rupert's Land. It includes most of the prairies, and parts of what are now northern Quebec, Nunavut, and Ontario.
