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Feb 25, 1000
Vikings "discover" NewFoundland
Around 1000, Leif Ericson "discovered" NewFoundland and established a settlement called L'anse aux Meadows. http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nl/meadows/index.aspx -
Feb 23, 1497
John Cabot "discovers" Newfoundland
John Cabot reaches Newfoundland on his ship The Matthew.
Explore The Matthew on this website:
http://www.matthew.co.uk/gallery.php -
Feb 23, 1534
Jacqes Cartier "discovers" New France
Cartier was asked by the King of France to start a new colony so they could compete against Spain and Portugal. Cartier and his crew suffered a great deal during the first winter. He kept two of the Iroquois boys to take bac k with him in the spring. -
Port Royal first French settlement
A French expedition that included Samuel de Champlain as one of the ship captains. Cold, hunger and scury kelled almost half of the settlers by the spring. Acadia begins to grow. -
Champlain builds habitation at Quebec
However, Champlain and his crew were not satisfied with Port Royal and instead moved to Stadacona, Quebec. Here Champlain suffered another hard winter but established the "Order of Good Cheer" and slowly the settlement began to grow. -
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French and English fight over Acadia
1628 - The English had claimed the land and in 1621 it had been given to Sir William Alexander. His son attempted to start a colony but it failed.
1632 - Acadia (modern day Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick) was returned through a treaty to the French. 1654 - English captures Port Royal, The English had started their own colony to the south of Port Royal, these were called New England. Some troops from this colony came and captured the settlement from the French. -
Seigneurial System developed
Check out this short video on the Siegneurial System: http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=54653&title=The_Seigneurial_System_ -
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Acadia continues to be tossed back and forth
1668 - Through another treaty, the Treaty of Breda, Acadia is given back to France.
1690 - Port Royal captured again, New England troops once again invade and capture the settlement.
1697 - Acadia turned again, this time though, even though Acadia is returned, the English still continue to raid it.
1710 - English recapture Acadia for the last time and ask the Acadians to leave or pledge an oath to the Britsh Crown. Meanwhile the French built the military fortress Louisbourg. -
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British send more settlers
The British were concerned at the number of Catholic Acadians so they started bringing over Protestants that were not British. During this time many German and Swiss Protestants moved across the Atlantic, so much so that German became the chief language. -
English attack Louisbourg
Troops from New England came up and attacked the fortress. Louisbourg had suffered from a garrison mutiny earlier in the winter and when the English attacked the fortress surrended after only a little bit of a fight. It was considered a huge success for New England. -
British deport the Acadians
The British ordered the Acadians to leave Acadia, more than 8000 of the 10,000 French Acadians were driven off their land onto British ships where they were shipped to southern English colonies. Families were broken up and many died at sea.
English, Scottish and German settlers took over the Acadians' farms. Watch the first 4:30 min of this movie, "The Great Upheaval", for more information about the deportation.
http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=163036 -
References, pt. 2
Champlain image, by Théophile Hamel, 1817-1870 [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, Feb. 26, 2011.Deportation of Acadians order, painting, Charles William Jefferys [Public domain or Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons, Feb. 26, 2011.Jacques Cartier Image taken from: Exploration and Settlement. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration, Feb. 23, 2011.Port Royal Image taken from: Pedal and Sea Adventures. http://www.pedalandseaadventures.com/port-royal-nova-scotia.html Feb. 24, 2011. -
Reference, pt. 3
Read, R. (ed.), (1994). Canada: Growth of a nation, Revised Edition. Markham: Fizhenry & Whiteside Limited.Seigneurial system image, By Cleduc (Eigenes Werk) CC-BY-SA-3.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons, Feb. 25, 2011. New France picture from: Bellin, Jacques Nicolas (1746) from <http://search.creativecommons.org/?q=new france#> Feb. 28, 2011. -
References:
Acadia 1754 image By Klaus Mueller [CC-BY-SA-2.5 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)], via Wikimedia Commons, Feb. 25, 2011.Authentic Viking recreation image, By Dylan Kereluk from White Rock, Canada (Flickr) [CC-BY-2.0 (www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commonsimage taken from: (name of website) bit ly version of it, date. Feb. 26, 2011.Bumsted, J.M. (2007). A history of the Canadian peoples. 3rd. Ed. Don Mills: Oxford University Press.
