-
Sep 1, 1500
Relationship with the Native People
The Native people made alliances with the Europeans because of trading. The Natives taught the Europeans how to survive the winters, travel and eat foods like corn, pumpkins and maple syrup. The Europeans showed the Natives how to shown weapons, iron tools and eat bread and salt. The Natives population suffered because of diseases and alcohol brought by the Europeans. The two native groups also became engaged in war. There also had breeding between the Natives and the Europeans. -
Sep 1, 1500
Land Bridge
The Land Bridge is one of the most popular theories of how the First Occupants ended inhabiting in North America. These Occupants travelled from the easternmost region of the land known today as Russia and today Alaska and North America. The sea levels rose consequence to the Ice Age, which allowed people in Asia to travel to North America by the Bering Strait, following the migration of the animals. -
Sep 2, 1500
Algonquins
The Algonquins were:
- Nomadic
- Lived in the Nothern regions
- They were hunters and followed the migration of animals
- Patriarch
- Lived in tipis -
Sep 2, 1500
Iroquois
The Iroquois were:
- Semi-sedentary (stay in the same place for 10-15 years)
- Lived in the South
- Agriculture = main source of food
- Good fighters
- Lived in long houses
- Matriarch -
Sep 2, 1534
First Voyage
Jacques Cartier explored and mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence. His job was to report what he thought was gold but there were lots of natural resources such as fish, timber, and furs. -
Sep 2, 1534
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier was a French explorer of Breton origin who claimed what is now Canada for France. Jacques Cartier had 3 main reasons to come to America
- Find a route to Asia
- Bring back gold and other riches
- Claim land for the King of France -
Sep 2, 1535
Second Voyage
Jacques Cartier sailed up the St-Lawrence and reached Stadacona (now Quebec). Natives showed Europeans how to survive winter and scurvy. -
Sep 2, 1541
Third Voyage
Jacques Cartier attempted to set up a colony which was not successful. Missionaries attempted to convert the natives. France lost interest of New France for 60 years because there was no riches and no passage to Asia. -
Samuel de Champlain
The king sent a voyage in 1605 for a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal which Samuel de Champlain was part of. Port Royal was not successful because it was too far for the natives to travel, when travelling the fur could get damaged or stolen by pirates. Champlain returned in 1608-09 to establish a trading post near Stadacona, a point where the river narrows. Which was soon called New France. -
Creation of Port Royal
The king of France sent a voyage in 1605 to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. Samuel de Champlain played a big role in the Port Royal. Port Royal failed because of its geographic position. -
Creation of New France
Samuel Champlain returned to establish a trading post near Stadacona located in Quebec, it was a good trading post because it was a point where the river narrows. Which would be called New France. -
Composition of the population
New France's population contained Europeans, Métis, Natives & Slaves. The population was maily men because of the fur trade. There were also woman and children.
Social Class:
- Nobilty
- Bourgeoisie
- Peasants -
The Seigneurial Regime
The Seigneurial regime was the first incentive to populate New France. The land was divided into sections so it could be cultivated. Seigneurs who were French men were given lands to be developed and then sold to censitaire known as peasants. What these peasants did is live on this land but in return they would pay rent. The Seigneurial regime in New France was encouraging immigration. Unfortunately for France, Great Britain's Thirteen Colonies had a much larger population. -
Jean Taon p.1
New France was not developing, it was comprised mostly of people trying to work for the fur trade.The king of France took power and wanted to encourage the settlement. To do so the king placed Jean Talon as the first intendant of New Frace. Jean Talon didn't care about which type of people that wanted to come into New France. The only people Jean Talon didn't want is the Huguenots and the French Protestants. -
Jean Talon p. 2
In order to populate New France Jean Talon did the following
- ]Soldiers were offered free land if they agreed to stay in N.F. after their service was done
- Minor criminals trying to escape going to prison in France
- Filles du Roi Orphan Girls, from the streets of France
- Payments were also given to couples who married young,
Fathers of unmarried girls paid fines. Bachelors over 21 paid fines all with the hopes to increase the population. Jean Talon's methods were successful in population. -
British Regime
The British decide to take over New France. The only people that decide to leave are the French aristocrats, while the remaining French people stayed. Therefore, the French are represented with 99% of the population. The first British immigrants were the wealthy businessmen. The British provided land for shipping companies and a creation of propaganda to encourage British immigration. -
The Loyalists
When the war of Conquest ended, the American citizens who remained loyal to Great Britain, also known as the loyalists.
America was no longer a British colony, so the loyalists immigrated to Canada. 36 000 loyalists immigrated to Canada, while 6000 immigrated to Quebec. Consequence, to the English population in Quebec increasing from 1% to 10%. When the Loyalists came it caused a division of Quebec into two colonies, which were called Lower Canada and Upper Canada. -
Irish Immigration p.1
The Irish experienced an Irish Potato Famine so then they decided to immigrate to the Province of Quebec. The Irish experienced lots of difficulty during their travel with the boat rides due to the amount of diseases which spread all over the boats. -
Irish Immigration p. 2
When the Irish arrived they stayed at Grosse-Île for quarantine. The French didn't mind the Irish because they were Catholic. Since the Irish were desperate to work they worked for cheaper, this threatened French employment. The English and the Scottish immigrants then settled in the cities. -
Emigration to the United States and the west
Since there had been an overpopulation on the seigneuries and many misserable living consitions in the cities, it caused Quebec inhabitants to emigrate to the forest regions of Quebec like Outaouais, Témiscamingue and Western Canada. Other Quebec inhabitants emigrated to the United States because there were more job opportunities that existed. -
Composition of the Population
There were many effects of natural movements and migrations on the composition of the population and the settlement of the territory. The French-Canadian still remained the majority because of their high birth rate. The Engish who were minority are growing. There are now many merritorial groupment of different ethnic groups in various cities. -
Immigration Policies p. 1
John A. MacDonald's National Policy with the Canadian Pacific railroad company tryed to use Europeans to populate Western Canada by giving them land to rail companies to settle in the west. Also, they added false advertising trying to make Western Canada seam like the perfect place to live. In order to promote Canadian immigration there was International wars and economic crises. -
Rural Exodus
Rural exodus is the migratory pattern of people who come from rural areas into urban areas. Rural exodus caused an urban sprawl which is the spreading of urban developments like homes on undeveloped land near a city. The country was overpopulated and there wasnt lots of jobs causing a rural exodus. Industrialization, neighbourhoods in the cities and factories caused migration to urban areas. -
Immigration Policies p. 2
When the Great Depression happened Canada was now more carefull when picking its immigrants. When World War II ended immigration was encouraged in order to grow Canada's economy. Later on the discriminatory immigrations policies were abandoned. Once these policies where abandoned there were French, Italian, German, and Jewish immigrants who came to settle in Canada in order to escape poverty. -
Emigration and Colonization of new regions
There was a huge impact of emigration towards the United States and the West on the formation of the population. Which in consequence caused a lack of employment in the agricultural sector, Industrialization and the Brain drain when the most educated and skilled workers left to get bette job opportunities. -
Relations with the Native population p. 1
In 1876, the Native were given rights by the Indian Act. The governments main goal was to remove the Amerindian culture. The government gave land to the Natives, however the government wants the natural resources that are found in these lands. This caused Amerindians to be angry towards the government. An example of them being angry is them protesting. -
Relations with the Native population p. 2
In 1975, the government flooded Native land to build the James Bay
In 1990, there was golf coarse that wanted to expand by adding an additional 9 holes onto Native land. This caused the Oka Crisis, this crisis was primarily a stand-off between the government and the Natives. Only one officer was killed but other than that there had been no other violence. The Oka Crisis was a built up when in 1975, the government flooded the Natives lands in order to built the James Bay. -
Composition of the population
Today, in Quebec the majority of the population is composed of French-Canadians. In the 20th century, pluriculturality increased in the big cities. In 1945, there was a diversification of the population which till this day continues to increase in Quebec.
