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Scientific Management Theory
With methods founded by F.W. Taylor, the Scientific Management theory studies the relationships between people and tasks in order to make work processes more efficient. (Jones and George, 2014) -
Theory of Bureaucracy
Developed by Max Weber the Theory of Bureaucracy has six main principles. The goal of these principles is to create clear roles, set clear expectations, ensure an understanding of authority, and encourage performance-based positions. (Jones and George, 2014) -
Henri Fayol's Principles of Management
Fourteen Principles of Management that Fayol believed to be necessary to increase efficiency. Much of recent management theory and research is based on these principles. The principles include: Division of labor, authority and responsibility, unity of command, line of authority, cetralization, unity of direction, equity, order, initiative, discipline, remuneration of personnel, stability of tenure of personnel, subordination of individual interests to the common interest and Esprit de corps. -
Mary Parker Follett
Follett believed that workers have the most knowledge about their jobs and therefore should take part in analyizing their jobs and should be allowed to take part in th work development process. Also, she pointed out that managers in different areas should communicate with each other daily in order to streamline decision-making. (Jones and George, 2014) -
Henry Ford
Pioneered the use of the conveyor belt in his automobile factory. When employees became disheartened by the monotony of the work and turnover increased dramatically Ford shortened the work day to 8 hours and doubled employees basic wage to $5.00 a day. This approach became known as "Fordism". (Jones and George, 2014) -
The Hawthorne Studies
A study done at Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. This study began with the intent of investigating how the level of light affected the performance of workers. However, researchers found during the study that worker performance was affected simply by the observation by researchers during the study. This became known as the "Hawthorne Effect". (Jones and George, 2014) -
National Labor Relations Act
The goal of this law is to protect the rights of both employees and employers, encourage collective bargaining, and limit harmful private sector labor and management practices. (National Labor Relations Board, 2014) -
Dale Carnegie How to Win Friends and Influence People
This book has been used by managers around the world. It outlines ways to be a leader, win people over to your way of thinking, and be a friendlier person. To this day seminars are offered to learn the Carnegie principles. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards act banned child labor and set a minimum wage for the first time. (Department of Labor, 2014) -
Theory X and Theory Y
Psychologist Douglas Mcgregor created Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is a set of negative assumptions about workers and Theory Y contains a set of positive assumptions about workers. Both sets of assumptions affect the way a manager supervises their employees. If negative assumptions are assumed supervisors will monitor workers closely and if positive assumptions are assumed supervisors goal will be to provide opportunities for self-direction and initiative. (Jones, 2014) -
Contigency Theory
The Contigency Theory is part of the Organizational Environment Theory. It says that the organizational structure and control systems chosen by managers depend on the environment the organization operates in. (Jones, 2014) -
Equal Pay Act
Makes it unlawful to pay different wages based on gender if equal work is being performed. (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2014) -
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Federal law that states employers cannot discriminate against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion. (AAUW) -
First Barcode Scanned
The first commercial use of barcodes occurred in 1967. Barcodes streamlined inventory and pricing processes for managers. (Rosistem, 2014) -
OSHA Act of 1970
Employers must provide employees with working conditions that have no known dangers. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was created from this Act.OSHA creates and enforces workplace safety and health standards. (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2014) -
Invention of Personal Computer
Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center designed the Alto the first work station with a built-in mouse for input in 1974 which increased employee efficiency. (Computer History Museum, 2014) -
World WIde Web
The creation of the internet in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee has helped streamline many areas of the workplace and improve efficiency. (https://webfoundation.org/about/vision/history-of-the-web/) -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
This law bans discrimination against people with disabilities in the areas of: employment, transportation, public accommodation, communications, and governmental activities. (United States Department of Labor, 2014) -
Family Medical Leave Act
Allows covered employees to take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave in case of serious illness, to care for a family member, for the birth of a child, or for an adoption without worry of losing their job. (Department of Labor, 2014) -
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook was first released as a part of Microsoft Office 97. It streamlined work communication with its email and calendar features. (Mojave Media Group, 2008)
