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Division of Labor
Adam Smith's Wealth of Nation was published. In the book, he argued the economic advantages of the division of labor or job specialization, which is breaking jobs down into narrow repetitive tasks. Using division of labor productivity would be more efficient and effective. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
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Industrial Revolution
Historical event for two reasons: First because all of the organizations aspects like hierarchy, control, job specialization etc. Second because management was now a fundamental tool for the success of the organization Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution is the most important pre-twentieth century influence on management. That's because with the industrial age the corporations were created and with that came factories and jobs that required someone to forecast demands, make sure there were supplies, assign tasks to workers etc. This someone was called MANAGER Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Andrew Carnegie
He's important for the management timeline because he's family was really wealthy in Scotland, but then because they couldn't compete with the low industry price for weaving they became poor and decided to come to the U.S. Throughout lots of jobs, Carnegie made his name by finding ways to use resources more productively to reduce costs and increase profitability Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Mary Parker Follet
"Mother" of Management thougt, proposed that the person that should be in control was the one with more knowledge. So according to her it didn't metter if one man had a title of "employee" and the other "manager", if the employee had more knowledge he should be in the command of the process and the managers should only serve as coaches. Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Theory of Bureaucracy
The theory of Bureaucracy invented by Max Weber consisted on a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. There are 5 principles for this theory (see picture). Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Unity of Command
It was a principle created by Fayol that an employee should only follow the orders from one boss. Having to report to two bosses could confuse the subordinate especially if he received controversial orders from each one of the bosses, Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
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Fordism in Practice
The introduction of the conveyor belt changed manufacturing practices forever. Instead of having the worker walking around the car to build it, the conveyor belt moved the product in a way that workers could stay in the same place, not wasting
their time, and being able to be more efficient working in more units. Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Scientific Management Theory
Frederick W. Taylor's book "Principles of Scientific Managemen"t was published, He described his theory of "scientific management", which was the use of scientific methods to determine the "one best way" for a job to be done. In other words, not only how a worker could be effective in one job but most important, how he could be efficient at his potential. Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Fayol's 14 principles of management
Fayol identified 14 principles of management - fundamental rules of management that could be applied to all organizations.
The 14 principles are Division of Work, Authority, Discipline, Unity of Command, Unity of Direction, Subordination of Individual Interest to the General Interest, Remuneration, Centralization, Scalar Chain, Order, Equity, Stability of Tenure Personnel, Initiative and Espirit de Corps. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Educ -
The Hawthorne Studies
Studies that provided new insights into individual and group behavior, At the beggining, the studies were designed as a scientific management experiment. Company engineers wanted to see how the different levels of light affected the productivity of the workers, but what they found out was primarily that people work better when they're being observed. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
7 Functions of Management
In 1937, social scientists Luther Gulick and L. Urwick describe seven “major Activities and duties of any higher authority of organization”. Since then, the acronym POSDCORB is used to describe the 7 functions of managers Vashistha, R. (2013, May). Posdcorb: A managerial overview. http://theglobaljournals.com/paripex/file.php?val=MTIxNg -
Quantitative Approach
The Quantitative Approach is the use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making, This type of theory evolved from mathematical and statitical solutions developed for military problems during WWII. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Total Quality Management
Total Quality Management approach is a management philosophy devoted to the continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations. For example, Apple would not fit in this approach because they are the ones that "tell" what customers need. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas McGregor studied how assumptions about workers attitutdes and behavior affects management behavior. He came up with two sets of assumptions, theory "x" ,which proposed that workers needed to be supervised to be productive. And theory "y" which was a set of positive assumptions about workers that proposed a healthy atmosphere for workers to be productive. Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow created the theory of Hierarchy of Needs. It is know to be one of the best theories for motivating employees. Maslow proposed that every person had a hierarchy of five needs: Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualization needs. Maslow also said that that each level of the categories must be satisfied before going to the next one. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Organizational Behavior
The approach that studies the beahavior of employees inside a specific company is called Organizational Behavior. OB researches do empirical research on human behavior with the scope of helping managers in their relationship towards their employees like for example managing conflict, working with a team, leading, motivating, etc.
Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Going in contrast with Maslow's theory, Herzberg's two-factor theory proposes that intrinsic factors are related ti job satisfaction and motivation, whereas extrinsic factors are associated with job dissatisfaction Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Contingency Theory
The idea that an organization is contingent to what happends at the external environment. Another way to say that is that all Organizations are different and require different ways of managing Jones, G., & George, J. (2014). Contemporary management. (8th edition), New York, McGraw- Hill. -
Open system
An open system It's a system that dinamically interacts with its environment by exchanging energy, material and information. A manager has to efficiently and effectively manage all parts of the system to achieve established goals. Robins, De Cenzo, Couter (2013). Fundamentals of Management. (7th edition) ,Pearson Education -
Kotter 8 steps to change
Business and theories are always changing and as our techonology evolves, this changes are always quicker. So we need a "recipee" for change. The book "leading to change" does exactly that. The 8 steps are: create urgency, create a vision for change, form a powerful coalition, communicate the vision, remove the obstacles, create short-term wins, build on the change and anchor the changes in corporate decision Kotter, J. (n.d.). from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_82.htm -
Just in time
Just in time (JIT) inventory is a management system in which materials or products are produced or acquired only as demand requires. This approach to managing inventory has become increasingly popular in the early 21st century as suppliers and retailers collaborate to try to control inventory costs while still meeting customer demands. Kokemulle, N. (n.d.). Just in Time Inventory Definition. Retrieved February 7, 2015, from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/just-time-inventory-definition-23475.
