-
Period: Jan 5, 1392 to
Ch. 19-20 Age of Exploration
-
Mar 4, 1394
Prince Henry of Portugal is Born
Prince Henry saw the wealth of the Muslim city of Cueta when he helped conquer it. Then, he started a navigation school. Many peaople attended the school and learned how to sail. -
Jan 29, 1398
Yonglo becomes Ming Emperor
When the emperor Hongwu died, there was a power struggle and his son Yonglo became emperor. Yonglo was curious about the world outside of China. He launched seven voyages, and his childhood friend, Zheng He went on the voyages and explored. -
Jul 11, 1405
Zheng He captains his first Voyage
Zheng He was a Muslim eunch that had been taken from his village to be a playmate for the emperor Yonglo. He and Yonglo became friends and Yonglo sent him out on voyages to explore what was beyond China. Some of his farthest expeditions were all the way to Arabia and eastern Africa. -
Period: Mar 19, 1420 to
Chapter 17 Renaissance and Reformation
-
Dec 14, 1440
Johan Gutenberg invents the Printing Press
Before Johann Gutenberg, books had to be copied by hand and took many months and even years to finish them They also cost a lot and many people could. But when Gutenberg invened the Printing Press, books became more readily availible and more people could read. -
Apr 6, 1453
Fall of Constantinople to the Turks
The Fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. The Turks were commanded by 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II. -
Oct 19, 1453
The Hundred Years' War Ends
The Hundred Years' War ended on October 19, 1453.Victory had passed between the French and English, but the French rallied and drove out the English, except from the city of Calais. -
Jan 28, 1488
B. Dias reaches Cape of Good Hope
In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias sailed so far down the continent of Africa that he reached the tip. He wanted to continue to India but his supplies were dwindling. He then just sailed back to where he came from. -
Nov 26, 1491
Ferdinand and Isabella end war with Muslims
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain finaced a war against the Muslims. They wanted to convert them to Christianity. After the war was over, Isabella convinced Ferdinand to finace Columbus's voyages. Columbus told them that he would go to Asia and convert people to Christianity. -
Oct 12, 1492
C. Columbus spots land in North America
Christopher Coloumbus landed in the Bahamas, though he thought he landed in the East Indies. He called the natives Indians because he miscalculated where he was. He brought three ships with him. When he returned he claimed that he had found India. Nobody believed him, except himself. He died thinking that he had found India. -
Jun 7, 1494
Spain and Portugal agree to Treaty of Tordesillas
Portugal complained about the line of Demarcation bcause they thought the line gave too much line to Spain. So Spain agreed to move the line west to include parts of modern day Brazil. This land was Portugal's. -
Jan 20, 1498
Vasco da Gama lands in India
Vasco da Gama kept sailing east, unlike Dias. He went all the way around and across the Indian Ocean. When he reached India he was amazed by the spices, silk, and precious gems. -
Period: Mar 29, 1500 to
Chapter 22- Scientific Revolution
-
Jan 29, 1501
Amerigo Vespucci charts New World coast
When Amerigo returned to Europe after his voyages to the eastern coast of South America he claimed that the area was a new land. He recorded the little coast that he traveled on and took that info with him. In 1507 a German mapmaker named the continent America after him. -
Nov 17, 1503
Leonardo DaVinci starts the Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa was considered one of the best paintings created, but was actually never a finshed product. He worked on it until he died and added little touches as he went along. Leonardo was a true renaissance man and an inspiration for being a well-rounded person. -
Sep 8, 1504
Donatello Creates his David statue
David symbolizes strength and anger, to the people of Firenze. David was totally naked, which was a new thing for the time. Because of the nature of the hero that it represented, it soon came to symbolize the defence of civil liberties embodied in the Florentine Republic. -
Aug 7, 1508
Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
He painted panels on the roof of Biblical and Greek ideals. One of which was the Biblical Prophet Joel with two youths behind him instead of angels. The central ceiling has nine scenes from the book of Genesis. -
Jul 17, 1511
Raphael paints the School of Athens
The School of Athens, is one of the most famous frescoes by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. The Stanza della Segnatura was the first of the rooms to be decorated, and The School of Athens the second painting to be finished there, after La Disputa, on the opposite wall. This painting includes many famous people and he also included himself in the corner. -
Dec 13, 1513
Machiavelli writes The Prince
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote the Prince in 1513. It is a guidebook for how a ruler can gain power and and keep it, even if he has enemies. -
Oct 31, 1517
Maritn Luther posts his 95 thesis
Martin Luther, then a Catholic monk, posts his 95 thesis, or his 95 issues with the Catholic Church, on the door of the Wittenburg church. However, people had trouble understanding wht was being said, as they couldn't read and the church officails lied about what was being said. The letter started the protestant Reformation. -
Jan 31, 1519
H. Cortez lands on Mexican Coast
Hernando Cortez landed in Mexico and then took the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. He then took their gold and made them work for him. He was majorly out numbered, but he had superior weapons, unlike those of the natives. -
Jun 30, 1525
Nicolaus Copernicus Begins Studying Planetary Movement-22
He observed planets and starts for 25 years, but he published his work on his deathbed. He published the Heliocentric Theory, which states that that the sun is the center of the universe and everything else revolves around it. -
Nov 16, 1532
F. Pizzaro meets Atahualpa
Frnasico meet the Inca emperor with an army of 200, against 30,000. This didn't do the Inca any good, because they all showed up unarmed. They then captured Atahualpa and killed him. They conquered the empire. -
Mar 5, 1533
21--Ivan the Terrible Comes to Power
He was the first Czar and he came to power when he was only three years old. The boyars fought to control him, but when he was 16, he finally got power. He had a short good period and a long bad one. He was crazy and killed his son. -
Jan 29, 1534
Jacques Cartier claims land in Canada
Cartier landed at a gulf off the eastern coast of Canada and named the river the St. Lawerence. He also found island and named it Mont Royal. It is now modern day Montreal. -
May 19, 1536
Anne Boleyn is executed
Anne Boleyn was the mistress of King Henry the 8. After some time, divorced his wife, Catherine of Aragon, for her. Since she did not bear him any sons, he had her beheaded for adultry. These charges were false. She had a daughter named Elizabeth. -
Oct 12, 1537
Edward the VI is born
He was Henry the VIII's only sone. His mother was Jane Seymour. She died from complications after birth. Edward only ruled for 6 years, and he had a regent over hime for those years. He then died. -
Dec 13, 1540
Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit order
The Jesuits, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, were focused mainly on creating schools for classical studies and theology. Their other mission was to convert non-Christians to Catholicism, and to stop Protestantism from spreading. -
Period: Mar 5, 1550 to
Chapter 21
-
Jul 19, 1553
Mary I becomes Queen
Mary I started ruling after her brother Edward died. She was intent on making England a Catholic nation and pulling out of the Anglican religion. She did this by being very violent and earning her nickname, "Bloody Mary". -
Jun 7, 1555
21--Philip the II Inherits Spain
Charles V divided his immense empire and retired to a monastery. He left Austria and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand and his son Philipinherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. -
Nov 17, 1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen
Elzabeth I became queen after hersister Mary I died. She often used her unmarried status to secure peace treaties and trade agreements for her country. She would trick other nations by saying that she would marry the kings. She would ask for many things and after those things affived, she would call off the marrige. -
Mar 8, 1570
21--Frederick the Great came to power
IN 1730, Frederick and a friend tried to sneak away. Frederick loved music, philosophy and poetry and was not very military. They were caught, and the king ordered Frederick to witness the friends beheading. After that, he became military. -
Sep 4, 1579
21--The Netherlands Declared Their Independence from Spain
After many years of fighting, they finally became the United Provinces of the Netherlands. William of Orange led them to victory. They won by opening the floodgates and flooding the land, which drove the Spanish out. -
English East India Company is founded
European merchants wanted to bypass the Italians merchants and trade with Asia. They wanted to get the spices and silk for cheaper. The goods would also be fresher. The English East India Company was founded in 1600. -
Dutch East India Company is founded
The Dutch East India Company was richer and more powerful than the Enlish East India Company. Because of this, the were completely driven out of the buisness. The Dutch then esablished their donimance over the trade. -
21--The Publication of Don Quixote de la Mancha
The publication of this book is often called the birth of the modern European novel. It is about a poor Spanish nobleman why went a little crazy after reading too many books about knights. He then rode forth in a rusty suit of armor, mounted on a feeble nag. -
Henry Hudson is last seen
Henry was searching for the Northwest Passage or a water route to Asia. Instead, he found the Hudson Bay, and named it after himself. THis was his second journey and he was never to be seen again. -
William Shakespeare dies
William Shakespeare wrote many famous plays that are still popular today. His plays show a deep understanding of human beings and a mastery of the English language. -
21--THe Thirty Years' War begins
After the Peace of Augsburg, the Catholic and Lutheran princes of Germany watched each other suspiciously. They also felt threatened by Calvinism. Because of this, tensions built up and a spark set off the long war. -
New Netherlands becomes New York
The colony of New Netherland was established by the Dutch West India Company in 1624 and grew to encompass all of present-day New York City and parts of Long Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey. The victcry was stupid, though, because they didn't even do any fighting. The Dutch just gave up the colony. The people of Europe didn't know that though and they rewarded the Duke for his accomplishment. -
21--Charles the First signs the Petition of Right
Charles always needed money. When parliament didn'[t give it to him, he dissoved them. In 1628, he had to call them again. They refused to give him any money until he signed the document. After signing it, he ignored it. -
Galileo Publishes his many findings in Dialogue Converning the Two Chief World Systems-22
Galileo tested many theories of Aristotle and he bulit a telescope in 1609. He pulished what he found in this book, however the church got very, VERY angry with him. He finally did after being tortured. -
21--English Civil War begins
Charles offened the Puritans and tried to get both of his kingdoms in the same religion. So Scotland wanted to attack England. Charles wanted more omney and Parliament didn't like that so they mobbed him. The people who like Charles fought against the people who didn't like him and the Civil War began. -
21--Louis XIV become king at age 5
Louie became the strongest king of his time. At first, the true ruler was Cardinal Mazarin. When he died Louis took control of the government. He devoted himself to helping France attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance. He also loved himself -
Thomas Hobbes outlines the social contract in Leviathan-22
The social contract is Hobbes's second idea. It states that you give your freedoms to the government and in return, they provide law and order. Hobbes was a political thinker and came up with other ideas. -
21--The Habeas Corpus was passed
Parliament passed a guarentee of freedom. THis law gave every prisoner the right to get a document ordering that they be brought in front of a judge. Because of thes, a monarch couldn't put someone in jail just because they wanted to. -
La Salle Claim Mississippi River for Spain
On April 9th, 1682, La Salle claimed all the land by the Mississippi River for France. He also claimed the Louisiana area. -
La Salle claims Mississippi River for Spain
On April 9th, 1682, La Salle claimed all the land by the Mississippi River for France. He also claimed the Louisiana area. -
21--Louis Bulids Versailles
Everything about the Palace was immense. There was a statue of Louis XIV in the huge royal courtyard. The palace was so long that food from the kitchens was often cold by the time servants reached Louis's chambers. -
Isaac Newton published his laws of gravity in Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy-22
He published his laws of motion based off on gravity, where his described the universe as a giant clock. To avoid being yelled at by the church, he called God the "clock master". -
John Locke justifies rebellion in Two Treatises on Government-22
This was Locke's second idea. He says that a government has to protect the rights that Hobbes meantioned and if they fail to do so, the people have the right to change the government. -
21--Peter the Great embarked on the Great Embassy
One year after Peter took the throne, he went on this journey. It was a long visit to western Europe.He went undercover and worked to achieve Westerization -
21--The start of the War of Spanish Succession
England, Austria, the Dutch republic, Portugal, and several German and Italian States joined together against France and Spain. The war dragged on until 1713. The Treaty of Utrecht was signed that year. Under its terms, Louis's grandson was allowed to remain king of Spain so long as the thrones of France and Spain were not united. -
21--Peter wants a Seaport to travel west
He wanted this to promote education and growth. So, he fought Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic coast. After fighting for 21 years, he finally got what he wanted. -
First Slave revolts in Hispaniola
This was also known as the Stono Rebellion. 25-50 slaves were killed thier horrible owners. In addition of this, they also stalled their work by breaking tools, uprooting plants, and generally working very slow. -
Frederick the Great begins his reign in Prussia-22
He regularly wrote to Voltair about change and he granted religious freedom and improved education. He abolished the use of torture and reformed the justice system. However, he did NOT get rid of serfdom. He was an enlightened despot. -
Baron von Montesquieu purposed separatiion of power in On Crimes and Punishment-22
He believed in splitting responsibilities for differant branges of the government. This is how we do things today. He called this idea Separation of Powers. -
Denis Diderot publishes the first volumes of his Encyclopedia-22
Denis collects essays from thinkers and put it in a book. He called this book the Encyclopedia. With the updates communication, the ideas spread far and wide. His ideas angered the French government and the Catholic church. He persisted and new volumes came out regularly under his editorship until 1772 -
21--Seven Years' War begins
The war took place between 1756 and 1763. Many great powers all over the world fought in this war. It was a world war of sorts. -
Mary Wollstonecraft is born.-22
She argued for female rights. She wanted education for females, even if to make the housewife more equipped to handle a son. She was one of the main female philisophes. -
The start of the Partition of Poland-22
After Catherine succesfully gained ports of the Black Sea, attention turned to Poland. The problem was that Prussia and Austria were doing the same thing. From 1772 to 1795, these countries took little parts of Poland until it's all gone. -
Catherine the Great puts down the serf Rebellion
She overthrew her husband to become queen. She proposed changes to improve serfdom, but she was rejected. With great brutality, her army crashed the rebellion. Because of this, she gave nobles absolute power over the serfs. The serfs lost their freedom. -
Boston Tea Party-22
Adams organized a raid on the Boston Harbor to dump 342 chests of tea into the water. There was a large import tax on that tea. British troops occupied the city after that. -
British Army and American Militia exchnge fire at Lexington, Massachusetts-22
The fighting spread to Concord. When news reached the Second Continental Congress, the members voted to raise an army under the command of George Washington. The American Revolution had begun. -
Declaration of Independence is Signed-22
Issued by the Second Continental Congress and writen by Thomas Jefferson, this document was firmly based on the ideas of John Locke and the Enlightenment. It reflected the idea of natural right. It also said that the colonists were done with George III's abused and it broke down the ties between the colonies and Britain. -
Joseph II abolishes serfdom in Austria -22
He granted freedom of worship and set up a legal reform system. He did abolish serfdom and ordered nobels to pay their workers. All of this was unfortunatly reversed after his death.
