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Jan 1, 632
Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr chosen as caliph
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Period: Jan 22, 632 to Jan 22, 634
Abu Bakr reigns as caliph
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Jan 1, 633
Muslim conquest 633-642
Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia), North African coast, parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires -
Jan 22, 634
Umar, the second caliph, rules from 634-644
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Period: Jan 22, 634 to Jan 22, 644
Umar reigns as caliph
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Jan 22, 644
Uthman becomes third calpih
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Period: Jan 22, 644 to Jan 22, 656
Uthman reigns as the third caliph
murdered due to discontent from arabs because he put family members in high offices (favortism) -
Jan 22, 656
Uthman is murdered; Ali becomes fourth caliph.
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Jan 22, 661
Ali is murdered; Mu'awiya becomes caliph. Beginning of Umayyad Caliphate (661-750).
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Period: Jan 22, 661 to Jan 22, 750
Umayyad Dynasty
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Jan 22, 710
Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa
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Jan 22, 732
732 Muslim empire reaches its furthes extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards.
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Jan 22, 747
Revolt defeats the Umayyads
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Period: Jan 22, 750 to
Abbasid dynasty
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Period: Jan 22, 776 to
Harunal-Rashid rules
Good ruler, powerful, reign symbolic of wealth and power, which is not what Muhammad taught -
Jan 22, 1055
Seljuk Turks take Baghdad; Abbasids now only nominal rulers.
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Jan 22, 1099
Christian Crusaders take Jerusalem.
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Jan 22, 1221
Genghis Khan and the Mongols enter Persia
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Jan 22, 1258
Mongols capture Baghdad; city is sacked and caliph is killed. End of Abbasid dynasty
Mongols convert to Islam though -
Umar takes Jerusalem
