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384 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist. Born in 384 B.C, Stagira, Chalcidice, Greece- died 322 B.C, Chalcis, Euboea. Aristotle was one of the most intellectual people of Western history. He covered the sciences of biology, botany, chemistry, ethics, history, logic, metaphysics, rhetoric, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, physics, poetics, political theory, physiology and zoology. He believed in a geocentric universe. -
100 BCE
Ptolemy
Ptolemy or Claudius Ptolemaeus was an Egyptian astronomer, mathematician, geographer. He was a descendant of Greek. He was born 100 A.D and died 160 A.D. He was born in Alexandria, Egypt and died there too. He believed in the geocentric model of the universe. It is now known as the Ptolemic system. His major astronomical work, the Almagest. -
1473
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer. He was born 1473. He died in 1543. He believed that the planets revolved around the Sun, known as the heliocentic universe. He also believed the planets turned on the axis once every day. We live in the heliocentric system. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
Tycho was a Danish astronomer. He was born in 1546, Denmark. He died 1601, Prague, Czech Republic. He developed astronomical instruments and measured the position of the stars. He made the most accurate observations before the telescope. He also noted accurate positions form more than 770 stars. -
1564
Galileo
Galileo was an Italian philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician. He was born 1564, Pisa, Italy. He died in 1642, Florence, Italy. He made major contributions to science. He developed the scientific method. He formed the law of falling bodies. He later developed the telescope that changed astronomy entirely. -
1570
Hans Lippershey
Hans Lippershey was a Dutch-German inventor. He was born in 1570, Wesel, Germany. He died in 1619, Middelburg, Netherlands. Hans was the inventor of the telescope. The telescope is one of the most notable astronomical instruments of all time. He called it kijker, (looker). He applied for a 30 year patent. -
1571
Johannes Kepler
Johannes was a German astronomer. He was born in 1571, Weil der Stadt, Germany. He died in 1630, Regensburg, Germany. He is commonly know for his discoveries of three major laws of planetary motion. Johannes turned Nicolaus Copernicus's theory into a dynamic universe. -
Giovanni Cassini
Giovanni was a Italian-French astronomer. He was born in 1625, Genoa, Italy. He died in 1712, Paris, France. He discovered the Cassini Division. The division is the dark gaps between the rings of Saturn. He was also the first to record observations of the zodiacal light. It is a band in the night sky thought to be the Sun reflected. He did more observations after the invention of the telescope. -
Sir Issac Newton
Sir Issac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician. He was born in 1643, Lincolnshire, England. He died in 1727, London, England. He discovered the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light. In mechanics, he had three laws of motion. he discovered laws of universal gravitation. He was a notable man. -
Difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes.
A reflector telescope uses two mirrors instead of two lenses. Issac Newton developed this telescope. He did this to combat chromatic abberration. Refractor telescopes have two lenses. It gathers light coming from a distant object. -
William Herschel
William Herschel was a German-British astronomer. He was born in 1738, Hanover, Germany. He died in 1822, Buckinghamshire, England. He was the founder of sidereal astronomy for the system observation of the heavens. He discovered the planet Uranus. He also developed the theory of stellar evolution. -
Percival Lowell
Percival Lowell was an American astronomer. He was born in 1855, Boston, Massachusetts. He died in 1916, Flagstaff, Arizona. He predicted the existence of a planet beyond Neptune. He discovered Pluto as a result. He studied Mars. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
Ejnar was a Danish astronomer. He was born in 1873, Copenhagen, Denmark. He died in 1967, Roskilde, Denmark. He classified types of stars by relating their color to their absolute brightness. He established the luminosity scale of Cepheid variable stars. He did not study and became a chemical engineer. -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German physicist. He was born in 1879, Germany. He died in 1955, United States. He developed the special and general theories of relatively. He redefined the concepts of space, time, matter, energy, gravity. -
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble was an American Astronomer. He was born in 1889. He died in 1953. He established the field of extra galactic astronomy. He observed through a 60 inch telescope and 100 inch telescope. He observed the milky way galaxy. -
Karl Jansky
Karl was an American astronomer. He lived 1905 to 1950. He is the father of radio astronomy. He made radio antennas that identified near and far thunderstorms. But, the third static was odd, and he believed that it was radiation was coming from the Milky Way Galaxy. -
John Glenn
John Glenn was an American astronaut. He was born in 1921, he died in 2016. He was the first American to orbit the Earth. He and 6 other men flew on the Mercury spacecraft. He spent about 5 hours in space. He made 3 orbits around the Earth. He also fought in World War II. -
Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut. He was born in 1930. he died in 2012. He was the first person to go on the Moon. He went on the Apollo 11. The mission was in 1969. He was an astronaut under NASA. -
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri was a Soviet astronaut. He was born in 1934 and he died in 1968. He was the first person in Space. He flew on April,12,1961. He orbited the Earth once. He was in space for 108 minutes. He flew in the Vostok spacecraft. -
Sputnik
The Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite in space. It launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit. It was launched by the Soviet Union. It was the size of a beach ball. It weighed 183 pounds. It was launched October 4, 1957. -
The Apollo Program
The Apollo Program began in 1963. It went to 1972. Apollo had 17 missions in which they tried to go to the moon. The Apollo Program succeeded in 1969 when Apollo 11 set people on the Moon. -
First Space Shuttle flight
The first space shuttle flight was on April 12, 1981. The shuttle returned on April, 14, 1981. The shuttle went into orbit around the Earth. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
Mars Pathfinder Expedition launched in 1996. NASA had deployed a rover on Mars. The mission ended in 1997. The rover was to take data of the Martian atmosphere, climate, geology. -
Cassini Orbiter
The Cassini orbiter was put to Saturn in 1997. It took pictures of the rings of Saturn. It also took pictures of it's moons. The orbiter entered Titan's murky atmosphere. It observed Saturn's rings. -
Current Astronomy Event-
The Chinese Space Program is planning to launch more than 30 times. They also include Crucial Long March missions in July 2019. The Chang'e-5 lunar sample return mission.
