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Jan 1, 661
Muawiya ibu Abi Sufyan establishes the Umayyad Caliphate
Sufyan, a governor of Syria forges the Umayyad Caliphate after the First Muslim Civil War. Sets up a capital in Damascus. During his reign wages several wars against the Byzantine Empire. -
Jan 1, 750
Abbasids overthrow Umayyads
Dissatisified with the Umayyad's focus on power instead of religion, the Abbasids led a rebellion against their caliphate. The Umayyads at the battle of Zab. An exiled Umayyad empire is established in southern spain. -
Jan 1, 762
Baghdad becomes capital of Abbasid Caliphate
The city of Baghdad becomes a centralized source of trade. Helps the Caliphate gain power. -
Muawiya Dies
His son Yazid I succeds his father. Abu Allah ibn al-Zubayr and Husayn ibn Ali challenge Yazid I right to rule. Results in civil war. -
Death of Yazid I
During the Second Muslim Civil War Umayyads tarnish their reputation by damaging holy sites in Medina and Mecca, Yazid I first dies during the war Marwan takes control. -
Dome of The Rock Built
Abd al - Malik oversees the construction of the Dome of The Rock. The project was started to rival Ibn Al-Zubayr's Kaaba as a place of pilgrimage. -
Abbasid Caliphate Fractures
Diagreements with Shia muslims causes the empire to seperate into several independent states. -
Period: to Jan 1, 750
Marwan's Descendants control Umayyad Caliphate
Expand and enforce empire with military action and taxes.
