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Jan 1, 656
Begining of First Muslim civil war
Civil war was fought after the murder of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan. -
Jan 1, 661
Beginning of Umayyad Dynasty
Mu'awiyah is victorious against the fourth caliph Ali and is declared Mu'awiyah I, first caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. Introduced hereditary succession. -
Jan 1, 661
End of First Muslim civil war
Civil war was fought following the murder of the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan and it ended on 661. -
Nov 23, 669
Begining of Naval campaign against Constantinople
Naval campaign was unsuccessful against Constantinople. -
Jan 1, 678
End of Naval campaign against Constantinople
Unsuccessful naval campaign against Constantinople -
Nov 23, 682
Islam in Morocco
Islam has reached to the top of Africa. -
Jan 1, 684
End of Sufyanid family rule of Umayyad dynasty
Muʿāwiyah II, last ruling descendent of Abu Sufyanid, dies. -
Jan 1, 684
Marwin I ibn al-Hakam becomes caliph
Begins rule of Marwanid caliphs of Umayyad Dynasty -
Jan 1, 685
Peak of Umayyad Dynasty
Abn al-Malik oversees Umayyad Dynast at it's peak, stretching from Spain to India. Period: Jan 1, 685 to Jan 1, 705 -
Nov 23, 711
Islam in Spain
Tariq ibn Al-Malik crosses the separation between Africa and Europe, and Islam spreads itself into Spain. The Muslims has 18,000 supporters during the conquest in Spain. -
Nov 23, 715
The Spanish Conquest is almost Complete
The Muslims have successfully spread Islam across Spain in the span of 3 years. -
Jan 1, 717
Leo III defeats the Syrian Army
Beginning of the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty. -
Nov 23, 717
Cordoba is Spains Islamic Capital
Cordoba became Spains Islamic Capital. -
Nov 23, 724
Muslims in France
Islam spread into the Southern parts of France. Muslim forces raided and captured the cities Carcassone and Nimes. -
Jan 1, 732
Defeat at Poitiers, France
Expansion of Islamic Empire into Europe halted after the defeat at Poitiers, France in 732. -
Jan 1, 740
Defeat in Anatolia
Armies of Umayyad Dynasty were destroyed in detail. -
Jan 1, 749
End of the Umayyad Dynasty
Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah becomes Caliph starting the Abbasid Dynasty. -
Nov 23, 750
Abbasids Overpower the Umayyads
The Abbasids rebel against the Umayyad Caliphate and a new Abbasid Caliphate is put into order. -
Nov 23, 762
The Abbasids Migrate
The capital was in Kufa, but they moved to Baghdad after 12 years. They moved because it was closer to the Tigris River and the non-muslim supporters. -
Nov 23, 800
Advanced Abbasid Education
The education was more advanced in the Middle East. The scientific method and algebra were introduced at this time. -
Nov 23, 945
Buyids versus Abbasids
Buyids invade Baghdad, and claimed that area as their own territory. -
Nov 23, 1031
The Golden Age of Islam in Spain
Philosophy, numerals, and mathematics became advanced. -
Nov 23, 1055
Seljuqs versus Abbasids
Seljuqs invaded and took a lot of the power from the Caliphate. -
Nov 23, 1085
From Islam to Christianity
The city of Toledo in Spain, had fallen under Christian rule. -
Jan 1, 1086
The Battle of Sagrajas/Zallaqa
Bitter with the loss of Toledo, forces from Africa, under the general Yusuf bin Tashfin, defeated the Christians resoundingly. This was significant as it sparked the recapture of most of Spain by the early 12th century. -
Nov 23, 1096
The Crusades
War between Christians and Muslims began. -
Jan 1, 1144
Rebellion in Spain
A series of internal rebellions lead to the unity of Spain being dispanded. This ended the Almoravid rule in Spain, and created the vulnerability that ultimately led to the reconquest of Spain taking less time to be completed. -
Jan 1, 1212
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
This decisive win in battle by the Christians marked a major turning point in the reconquista. -
Nov 23, 1258
Mogol versus Abbasids
The Mongols had destroyed the Abbasid civilization, killing most of the relatives of the Caliph. The Abbasid rule ended. -
Nov 23, 1261
Abbasid Reestablishment
The Abbasid Caliphate was back in power, and was now situated in Cairo. -
Nov 23, 1492
The Battle of Grenada
This battle arked the final blow for the remaining Muslim territories in Spain. Grenada was annexed by Castile. It was significant because this marked the end of Islam in Spain. -
Nov 23, 1492
The Reconquista of Spain
Christian Europeans raided into Muslim territories in Spain to take over. -
Jan 1, 1502
Conversion to Christianity
Christian leaders forced conversion on the remaining Muslims in Spain. If they did not comply, the Muslims were subject to brutal restrictions. -
Nov 23, 1517
The End for the Abbasid
After the capture of Al-Mutawakkil III, the Abbasids had no emporor to rule the Kingdom. The empire fell for good.
