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1500
Jacque Cartier's voyages
1534 came and explored the land created a map of the gulf of saint lawrence did not find gold but fish timber and fur.
1535 sailed up the st lawrence river to Quebec. Met natives who explained how to live in quebec conditions and how to fight scurvy. they returned to France with a native to show France what was living over there.
1541 came back to quebec to try and set up a colony and tried to convert the natives into french culture ( failed) -
1500
Bering Strait Land Bridge
The Bering Strait Land Bridge was how the First Occupants made their way to North America. They're originally from Siberia , then they crossed over the Bering Strait Land Bridge. After the First Occupants passed the bridge , they dispersed into North America. -
1500
Algonquians
From 30 000 BC to 60 000 BC , the Algonquians lived in the low land of the St Lawrence and Great Lakes.They lived in wigwams.Their food resources were from hunting and gathering.Their social organization is Nomadic Patriarchal,they move constantly because they follow the flow the migration of the animals. The decisions in the Algonquian society were made by the man in charge of their group.The Algonquians were in alliance with Champlain they did business with him they traded furs with him -
1500
Inuits
From the 30 000 BC to 60 000 BC , the Inuits arrived and lived in wigwams (igloos). Their way of living was patriarchal which meant chief which was a man made the big decisions. They were also nomadic which meant that they moved from place to place , following the animals in order to have food and resources. Most of their food came from them hunting and gathering. -
1500
Iroquois
From 30 000 to 60 000 BC . was the time that the Iroquois arrived The Iroquoians lived in long houses surrounded by palisades. The food that they ate mostly came from their primary food sources , for example agriculture and hunting. Their way of living is sedentary matriarchal. The Iroquoians were enemies with Champlain and the Algonquians because Champlain was in alliance with the Algonquians -
Period: 1500 to
Population and settlement
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Emigration to the United States and the west
The impact of emigration to the United States and the West on the formation of the population.
-Overpopulation of the seigneuries=Emigration to the forest regions of Quebec such as Outaouais, Témiscamingue and Western Canada.
-People who moved to the United States from about 1840 was high since there simply existed more opportunities in the USA. -
Samuel de Champlain
1605: 60 years later in 1605 the king sent Samuel de champlain to establish a colony in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. ( failed) because of where Nova Scotia was located.
1608: Samuel returned established a trading post in Quebec ( New France).
1634: Champlain put Laviolette in charge and started the second trading post in trois riviere.
1642: Maisonneuve founded ville marie ( Montréal) -
Trois Rivière
For a while, the Algonquins and Abenaki's used this territory as a summer stopping place. Captain Dupont-Gravé gave the name "Trois-Rivières" in 1599. In 1603, Champlain was surveying the Saint-Lawrence River and had the idea of establishing a permanent settlement in the area. That was done on July 4, 1634, by the Sieur of Laviolette. The city was the second to be founded in New France. Because of it's location , it played an important role in the colony and fur trade. -
Paul Chomedey , Sieur de Maisonneuve
Paul Chomedey , Sieur de Maisonneuve was the founder of Ville - Marie. Ville - Marie was situated close to where the Iroquois lived in the village of Hochelaga. The purpose of this settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians , it then became a major trading post because of it's prime location. It was located in the centre of the Amerindian territory. -
Ville Marie
Ville Marie also known as Montreal. This metropolis is named after Fort Ville-Marie, the French settlement. The 2014 estimate of the population of the metropolitan area of Montreal is 4.1 million. The main language spoken is french. French is spoken at home by 56.9% of the population of the city, followed by English at 18.6% and 19.8% as well as other languages according to the 2006 census -
Jean Talon
French king in power wanted to encourage settlement and colonization
Appointed attendant Jean Talon to be incharge
Jean talon wanted everyone except french protestants because he wanted everyone to be catholic
Offered soldiers free land if they agreed to stay in NF after their duties were done
Encouraged minor criminals to settle instead of prison in france
-Files du roi -
Demographics of New France
When Jean Talon took over New France, the population was around 3000 - 5000. By the time the British took over in 1760, the population was around 70 000 in New France. The population of New France was very low because they focused mainly on fur trade. By 1760 , the British Population living in the 13 colonies was 2 million. They established the 13 colonies right away and people came right over to populate. -
Slavery
-aprox 4000 slaves during the French regime
-They were mainly Amerindians from the Panis nation who lived in the centre of the United States.
-The rest of the slaves (1/3) were Africans acquired in the Caribbean or in the British colonies.
-most slaves worked as servants in the cities
-Their owners were apart of the clergy.
-In 1709, in order to gain property rights to the owners of the slaves, Intendant Raudot legalized slavery in New France -
British Regime
Treaty of paris in 1763. France gave new france to the british.= quebec
Loyalists left america and immigrated to quebec wanting to take over business ( not enough to change composition of population)
The very wealthy french left quebec and went back to france
The population was 99% french and 1% english
1783 to 1800, 1783, At the end of the revolutionary war against britain the americans gained their independence and founded the united states of america and more loyalists immigrated to quebec -
The Seigneuries
The territory bordering the St Lawrence River was subdivided into Seigneuries. The Seigneury was given to a seigneur which could be an individual person or group of people like a religious community. The Seigneur divided the estate into sections which he gave away to peasants called censitaires.These censitaire didn't get the land for free. They payed dues to the seigneur. The land was divided in rectangles to allow as many censitaires possible.The purpose of the seigneuries was to populate -
The Loyalist
-During the American Revolution tens of thousands of Loyalists left the United States, where they were miss treated and went to a British territory
-2000 chose Québec
-Many were famers and settled in Gaspésie and Sorel
-Many of them cleared lands south of the St. Lawrence River near the American border and subdivided the lands into townships. ( based on the British way) -
Composition of Population
The Canadiens still had a high birth rate after the conquest. There were a few problems, diseases and poor harvest affected the birth rate The Aboriginal Population had a very low birth rate caused by the War of the Conquest and American Revolution, famine and being displaced. Great Britain was determined to encourage British settlement so the borders of British North America were reorganized so that it would encourage more colonists that were put in place. -
Royal proclamation
The Royal Proclamation was a document signed that officially gave New France to the British. It was then renamed the Province of Quebec.English Laws and the Anglican church were introduced to the territory so that they can attract British Colonists. Catholicism and French Law were not allowed anymore because they wanted to expand the English population. -
Quebec Act
The act was in favour to the French. The french played a very important role. The province’s territory was expanded. They wanted to get rid of the Protestant faith .It guaranteed free practice of the Catholic faith It restored the use of the French civil law for private matters while keeping the use of the English common law for public administration and including criminal prosecution . -
Constitutional Act
The Constitutional Act opened up new land that was given to the Loyalists entering Canada.They colonized the Eastern Townships region of the Province of Quebec.Town ships were pieces of square land offered to the Loyalists tax free. Between 1775 and 1812 15 000 loyalists came to British North America. In this Act , they divided North America into Upper and Lower Canada mainly English people lived in Upper Canada (Ontario).And majority of French Canadians lived there in Lower Canada (Quebec). -
Effects of the Loyalists
36,000 loyalists came to Canada (Most settled in the Maritimes)
6,000 loyalists came to Quebec (Most settled in West of Montreal)
The English population of Quebec had a sudden increase 1% →10%
They settled according to the Township system.
From 1791, encouraged immigration
Propaganda to encourage immigration.
Imigration was successful and quebec was becoming overpopulated -
Immigrations to the United States
There were better job opportunities in different industries.
There was a lack of employment in the canadian agricultural sector
Industrialisation
Brain drain…when your most educated and skilled workers leave to seek better opportunities. They would get more recognition for working at a higher level than before -
Relations with the Native Population
1850 gave designated land to the Amerindians under the royal proclamation.
Only the Amerindians were allowed to hunt and fish in these regions.
Exempt from paying taxes on income earned on their reserves.
In exchange to get their reserves, they gave up their other territories to the british.
Continued business alliances for the fur trade.
1876 Indian Act= make claims due to exploitation of natural resources by the government. -
Great Potato Famine
Between 1845 and 1852 , there was a period of large starvation in Ireland. One of their main food sources in Ireland was potatoes and a disease made the potatoes not edible.Approximately 1 million people died and 1 million emigrated. It was a big migration flow. Before the Irish came to British North America , they were quarantined on Grosse Ile to assure that they didn't bring cholera in to British North America until they were 100% healthy. -
Immigration Policies during the British Regime
From 1867 , there were many measures put in to encourage immigration in New France. First , when the British were in control of New France, the wealthy French people left and returned to France. This still left the population of New France at 99% French and 1% French. In order to increase immigration the British would be granting land to shipping and railroad companies and immigration agents coming to the aid of immigrants in 1828.
