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Oct 12, 1534
Possession of Gaspe
POWER/COUNTER POWER: As soon as Jacques Cartier arrived on the territory of Gaspe Peninsula, he planted a cross to show and symbolize that the land was in the possession of the King of France. He was looking for a route back to Asia, riches and land. He found the Gaspe region as he was exploring the St. Lawrence river. This shows that a country in Europe was seen as most powerful by the amount of land the King possessed. -
Founding of Quebec
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT: Samuel de Champlain, the explorer, founded Quebec in order to facilitate fur trade with the Amerindians. The name “Quebec” comes from am Amerindian word meaning “narrowing”. In fact, this region of the St. Lawrence River is very narrow, which enabled control of the river traffic. -
Founding of Trois-Riviere
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT : Laviolette was put in charged by Champlain to find a second settlement at the confluence of St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers. Thanks to the foundation of Trois-Riviere, furriers were allowed to communicate with each other and the Iroquois were prevented from intercepting their trades. -
Founding of Ville-Marie
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT: Monsieur de Maisonneuve founded Ville-Marie which was located close to the Iroquois village of Hochelaga with the help of other people such as the nurse Jeanne Mance. The purpose of this settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians and it soon became a major trading post because it was situated in the heart of the Amerindian territory. It was later renamed Montreal in the 18th century. Hochelaga no longer existed as of 1642. -
Monseigneur Francois of Laval
CULTURE AND CURRENTS OF THOUGHT: The pope sent Francois of Laval to direct the Canadian Church. As he first bishop of the colony he put pressure on France to ban the traffic of eau de vie from the fur trade. Conflicts arose with the merchants and he tried to impose his authority on the rulers but couldn’t because of the current thought of Gallicanism. This bishop established around 20 parishes each staffed by a resident priest. In 1663, he founded the Grand Seminaire de Quebec to train future pr -
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Fille du Roy
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT: Jean-Talon was the first intendant and he implemented various measures to endure that the population increased in new France. He wanted definitely more woman so he created the Fille du Roy. These girls were often orphans who were chosen from the king to come live in New France and find a husband. They would be granted many privileges such as a dowry of fifty livres. -
Royal Governement
POWER/COUNTER POWER: The political power in New France was under the Royal Government which was inspired by France’s provincial administrative system and was part of the French regime’s absolute monarchy. The two main administrators of the colony, the governor and the intendant, both struggled for power. King of France --> Minister of Marine --> Sovereign Council --> Captain of Militia --> Citizens. -
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The Soldiers ( Carigan-Salliere Regiment)
POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT: The king sent the Carignan-Sallieres regiment containing 1200 soldiers to protect the colony. In less than 3 years the soldiers established peace with the Amerindians. Jean-Talon gave the soldiers money and land to whom settled in the colony. About 600 of them settled and they were considered of higher value because being part of military services proved that they can defend the territory. -
Founding of Hudson's Bay Company
ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT: Two explorers explored then Hudson Bay in the 17th century where they tried to establish the fur trade. They turned to Great Britain with no help from France an founded the Hudson’s Bay Company. Trading pasts were built all over the region in order to help the trade with the cree nation. Land and sea battles were the result of this action because of rivalry between France and Great Britain. -
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The crisis of beaver economy
ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT: The beaver economy was in crisis in the 1690’s. The fur fashion was no longer in style and the demand of beaver pelt evidently decreased. The intense trading of fur made a pile of pelts stocked up in warehouses. The king ordered a slow down of the fur trade and in 1715 the fur trade gained strength. -
Catechism of the Quebec Diocese
CULTURE AND CURRENTS OF THOUGHT: The clergy had a Catechism printed in order to set the dogma of the Catholic Church in writing. The Catechism included the religion’s practices and the Catholic faith. It was first printed in France then in New France. It was presented in the form of questions and answers because it was designed for children and new converts. The Catechism of the Quebec Diocese was published in 1702 by Monseigneur St. Vallier, Bishop of Quebec. -
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Royal Proclamation
POWER: The Royal Procamation is the colony’s constitution from 1763-1774 and it establishes a new political regime. There were British and Protestant institution that were put in place which worried the French Canadians and the Catholic clergy. A British Governor directed the colony. King and parliament of G.B. --> Governor General --> Council --> Population -
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Act of Quebec
POWER/COUNTER POWER: The Quebec Act re-establishes French civil law and allows Catholics to hold public offices and the clergy to collect tithes. Guy Carleton who replaced James Murray the first Governor was very intelligent. He knew that the 13 colonies were mad that they did not get the Ohio Valley even though they participated in the war and were starting to rebel. Carleton figured that if he was nice to the French of Quebec they wouldn’t be allied with the Americans. By getting Quebec’s loy -
Treaty of Versailles
POWER/COUNTER POWER : The treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed to finalize the independence of the 13 colonies now called United States. The British no longer have power of this territory and are no longer considered a British colony. After the American revolution which began in 1776 the Americans finally get their independence in 1783.
