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Period: Aug 29, 1500 to
Population and Settlement
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Sep 16, 1500
First Occcupants - Iroqouis
They are great fighters because permanent settlers. They are semi-farmers, lived in the south. Iroguois stay for 10 years and then leave. They hunted (not as much as the algonquins). Knew where everyone was located and have better communication.
They kill each other for the fur trade (competition). They lived in long houses and are matriarch. -
Sep 16, 1500
First Occupants - Algonquins
They are nomatic, patriarch and lived in the North. They bring meat down south and are not much of a warrior society. They belive in equality and and have no possession (Native in general). They were hunters and followed the animals. -
Aug 29, 1534
Cartier's 1st Voyage
Cartier mapped the the Gulf of St-Lawrence looking for gold, but only found fish, timber and furs. -
Aug 29, 1535
Cartier's 2nd Voyage
After Cartier sailled up the St-Lawrence he reached Stadacona. Europeans were taught how to survive winter and scurvy from the natives. They returned with native Captives -
Aug 29, 1541
Cartier's 3rd Voyage
Though Cartier tried to set up a colony it was not successful. Missionaries attempted to convert the natives to be catholique, but it did not work out. They lost interest for 60 years. -
1st Permanent Settlement
The king sent Champlain to Nova Scotia (Port Royal). This establishment failed due to its position, nobody wanted to go all the way there for tading. -
2nd Permanent Settlement
-Champlain went back to New France to establish a more successful tading post called Quebec City. He established a trading post near Stadacona. New France becomes the trading post which is where the river narrows. -
French Regime
Champlain established a trading post in Quebec. It was named New France. The fur trade grew quickly. The Segneural Regime was established aswell. -
Seigneurial Regime
Method to increase immgiration to New France. The King of France granted land rich French men who moved to New France. These men were named Seigneurs. The Seigneurs rented out their land to peasants. -
3rd Permanent Settlement
The 3rd settlement was founded called Ville-Marie. This settlement was founded mainly to evangelize the Amerindians, but it still became a major tading post. This was because it was located in the centre of the Amerindians territory. It was then named Montreal. -
First Wave of Immigration
In 1608, the King of France gave the job of populating New France to charte companies, but it did not work out becauce they only thought of getting profit. Therefore in 1663 that task was given to the new Intendant, Jean Talon. He quickly enforced a few policies to help populate the colonie. He sent les Filles du Roy, soldiers who stayed after their duties and minor criminals. -
Jean Talon
The king of France sends Jean Talon to become the Intendant. His main priority is to populate Quebec. -
Great Peace of Montreal
Indians from different nations gathered in Montreal to make peace among themselves and the French. -
British Regime
Ended in 1867. There were many policies to promote immigration. The immigrants consisted of Loyalists and Americans. -
Second Wave of Immigration
Rich business men came to New France. The population was 99% french and 1% english. -
Proclamation of 1763
The territorial consseions were finally given to the British. The French had lost the territory. All the people on the territory had becom British subjects. -
Third Wave of Immigration
There was an impact when the Loyalists and American immigrants immigrated to Québec. Many laws began to change and the the English population in Québec had a sudden increase. They settles according to the Township system. -
Fourth Wave of Immigration
Many Irish immigrated due to the potato famine in Ireland. There was also a wave of Scotish and English immigrants (mostly in the cities). -
Abolishement of Slavery
Slavery became illigal in Canada when there was the British Parliament Slavery Abolishment Act in 1834. There were black slaved that had been living in the British regions (in Canada). -
Contemporary Period
Sharing federal-provincial powers with regard to the immigration matters under the BNA. There were 2 conferences, one held in Charlottetoen and one in Quebec. Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia became the Dominion. Canada became a federation with a central government and provincial gorvenment. -
Emigration to the US and the west
The country beacame overpopulated because many people moved to the cities to work in factories. The living conditions then became horrible. So some more to the west or the US for a better life. -
Indian Act
A new law was created for the Amerindians. Natives claims related to the exploitaion of natural resources. -
1st Phase : Industializations
The begining of the factories where finished products were made. The trans-Canada railroad were made. -
2nd Phase: Natural Resources
Instead of using industrial ressources to make their products they use natural resources. Brain drain was when skilled workers left for better opportunitues.nThis phases ended in 1915. -
Diversification of the Population
Until the end of the 2nd world war, there were policies of the discriminatory immigration. Since 1945, ther eis a diversification of the population. -
Oka Crisis
A golf course wanted to extend 9 holes which extented onto native lands. Therefor the Mowhawk warriors decided to establish road blocks on the borders of their reserves. The native military organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called to handle the situation. This crisis was only resolved after 78 days.
