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Sep 8, 1500
land bridge
Natives traveled from Siberia to the north of Canada, through Beringia, or using the Bering Strait land bridge -
Sep 8, 1500
The Iroquoiens
Native group that lives in the St Laurence valley, that are a semi sedentary, matriarchal society that practices agriculture. There villages are surrounded by palisades, which are large walls, and they live in long houses. -
Sep 8, 1500
The Algonquins
A group of nomadic Natives, whose society is patriarchal, and there main way of gathering food is by hunting. They travel in small groups of around 15, they usually are found in the Canadian Shield, In Quebec. -
Sep 8, 1500
The Inuits
The Inuits are very much so like the Algonquins, except for certain features such as there languages. The Inuits are nomadic groups who are patriarchal, and live in the most northern part of Quebec. The Inuit's source of food is by hunting and they live in igloos. -
Period: Sep 8, 1500 to
Population
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May 10, 1534
Jacques Cartier's first voyage
Cartier set sail on his first voyage, and arrived in Newfoundland. He set out to find precious materials, a route to asia as well to claim new land for the King of France -
May 19, 1535
Jacques Cartier's second voyage
On Cartier's second voyage he went down the St Laurence river, and encountered the First Nations people of Stadacona and Hoshelaga. -
May 23, 1541
Jacques Cartier's third voyage
Cartier's third voyage is not as important since all he did was fail at settling a colonie in current Quebec but fails because of the harsh winters. -
Port Royal
Port Royal was a failed project set up by Champlain, because of its location which is modern day Nova Scotia. -
Samuel de Champlain and the Foundation of Quebec
Champlain founds Quebec, which used to be name Stadacona (Native name) and set up a fur trade with the Algonquins, making the Iroquois nations see them as enemies. -
Seigneurial system
This is the way that the French colonie's land was divided into , with there being thin strips of free rectangular land given to peasants by seigneur who was appointed by the king of France. The people that took the land had to work the land and pay rent to the seigneur. Note I used a date in the French regime for this one because there is not an exact date since it is a way they divided the territory. -
Company of 100 associates
The king of France gave a trade monopoly to the company for the exploitation of fur, the project ended up in a failure because even though the king wanted to bring settler to go over to New France it failed because the British were at war with the French making it so that they couldn't bring anyone over. They also didn't use the money to bring the settler over to New France. They wanted to keep the population low so they wouldn't have to pay for them keeping costs low. -
Foundation of Trois Rivières
Trois Rivières was the second permanent settlement in New-France. -
Foundation Of Ville Marie or Montreal
Montreal (then Ville Marie) was the third permanent settlement in New France, founded by Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance. -
Jean Talon
Jean Talon was Intendant of New France and put in many immigration and settlement measures in place to increase.- Fils du Roi, these were orphan women who were sent by the King of France to marry and reproduce with the male settlers of New France since the female population was very low.
- Soldiers, after a soldier is finished his service he would be offered free land and money in New France, instead of going back to France
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Jean Talon continued
-The Engaged, these were people who came over to New France to learn a skill, for three years, and after the three years they would be offered a land -Birth Incentives, when someone would have a baby they would be given money to help out the family. -
The Capture of New France (Treaty of Paris)
Proceeding the seven year war, the British win and take over New France. They stopped all French immigration. Most people that left were administrative, traders, seigneurs. The majority of the population stayed. -
Royal Proclomation
This is what officially gives New France to the British, and changes the name the Province of Quebec. English church and laws are put in place. No more Catholicism or French laws. -
Quebec Act
The King of England, gave the French population of Quebec a gift of there civil laws and the permission to practice Catholicism. To ensure there fidelity during the American revolutionary war. -
American Revolutionary War and the Loyalists
From 1775-1783 The Thirteen colonies were at war with Great Britain. In Turn the colonies won and claimed there independence leaving 15%-20% of the population loyal to King of England, around 10 000 of the loyalists move to or near Quebec. -
Constitutional Act
The Constitutional Act is what divided the province of Quebec making Upper and Lower Canada, Upper mostly populated by the English loyalists. Instead being in seigneuries in Upper Canada they divided there land in squares called townships. -
Act of Union
-United Upper and Lower Canada into one Canada
-English was the official language
- French felt like minorities
-Rebels tried to fight but were defeated( patriotes)
- The French Canadian population didn't feel represented properly -
Emigration in the 19th century
After 1840 22 000 to 35 000 emigrated to the United States to find jobs. The Industrial era had already began in the United States but not in Canada. -
Potato Famine
From 1845 to 1852 there was a mass starvation in Ireland, because of a disease that was killing the main source of food which at the time were potatoes, Around 1 million people died and 1 million Irish emigrated, here in Canada we put them in a quarantine on Grosse Ile. They were mostly Catholic. -
Confederacy
The provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick, Ontario and Nova Scotia join and create the confederacy of Canada. -
Indian Act
This Act was put in place to protect and try to preserve the culture of the Aboriginal people by putting them into reserves. -
Immigration During WW2
Xenophobia and anti antisemitism spreads throughout North America, making people discriminate against Jews, Italians and Germans. These cultural groups were brought in in very small amounts during the war. -
Baby Boom
After WW2 there was a time of economic prosperity making it so that people had more babies, as well as now with the modernization of Quebec they would start having them in hospitals rather then at home with a drastic change of 94% in 1960 from 16% from only 20 years prior in 1940. -
Immigration after 1950
-1952 Immigration Act British, French citizens, US residents and Asians that had a already had family in Canada were prioritized -1962 Government abolishes any type of racial discrimination in there immigration measures -1966 The White Paper, Now the measures are on how well the person is able to speak French and English -1968 Quebec Immigration Ministry is created -1969 Canada Helps in the settlement of refugees -
Policies after 1980
- Office de garde a l’enfance (1980)
- Tax breaks for having children (1986)
- CPEs (Central de la Petite Enfance) (1997)
- QPIP - Quebec Parental Insurance Plan (2005)
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Oka Crisis
The crisis started when the Oka government wanted to build a golf course on land that the Mohawk native's had claimed to be ancestral.
