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Scientific Management
Scientific management is "the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency"(Jones, 2014, p. 39). The concept scientific management was established by Frederick W. Taylor. He is considered to be the father of management. (Image from: commons.wikimedia.org) -
Max Weber's Bureaucracy Theory
Max Weber developed the principles of bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is "a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness"(Jones, 2014, p. 45). This theory has five main principles and the theory has changed the field of management. (Image from: rgandersen.wordpress.com-) -
Fordism
Henry Ford is a very important figure in the management history. He was the first to create and utilize the assembly line. Additionally, he implemented shorter work days for his employees and increased wages to try to fix the high turnover rate. He was successful in his new concepts and ideas(Jones, 2014, p.42). (Image from: biography.com) -
Principles of Management (Fayol's)
Henri Fayol identified fourteen principles that he believed essential to increase the efficiency of the management process(Jones, 2014, p. 47). Some examples are: division of labor, unity of command, equity, discipline.
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Women Equality
On August 18th, 1920, the 19th amendment was introduced. The 19th amendment allowed any citizen, regardless of gender, to have the right to vote. It stated that "the right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex"(19th amendment, n.d.). This was a huge change for women in the US, and had its influences in the business world by moving women closer to equality.
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Hawthorne Studies
Hawthorne studies were conducted from 1924-1932 at Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. The study initially was conducted to observe how workers responded to different lighting atmospheres. However, the final results led to the idea that when a worker is being observed, they tended to work harder. This showed and verified the need for managers(Jones, 2014, p. 51-53).
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Gilbreths
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's goal was to maximize the efficiency with which each individual task was performed, striving to save time and effort(Jones, 2014, p. 42). This concept made a big impact in the field of management as many others followed in their footsteps and concentrated on ways to improve the organizations.
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Chocolate Chip Cookies
Chocolate chip cookies were invented in 1930 by Ruth Wakefield(Baer, 2014). I used this invention to represent the importance of incentives used by managers in the business world. I believe that once managers started giving their workers incentives(I don't know the exact date), it increased worker drive and created more efficient work productions. (Image from: thequotablekitchen.com) -
Mother of Management- Mary Parker Follett
Mary Parker Follett was known as the mother of management. She introduced many ideas and was best known for her employee incorporation into the management decisions. She believed managers should behave as "coaches and facilitators, not as monitors and supervisors"(Jones, 2014, p. 51).
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ENIAC (aka Computer) Invented
Although there are many different opinions of what truly is the first computer invented, many consider the ENIAC to be the first fully functional computer. It was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania (Emberton, 1998). -
Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Y
In the early 1960s, Douglas McGregor proposed two sets of assumptions about how work attitudes and behaviors not only dominate the way managers think, but also how they behave(Jones, 2014, p. 53). This changed the way many managers approached their organizations.
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Contingency Theory
Tom Burns and G. M. Stalker in Britain and Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch in the US developed the contingency theory(Jones, 2014, p.57). This theory stated emphasized that there are many different ways to organize and manage a organization. It stated that there is not one way that is ultimately the best way, rather different organizations respond to different types of organization.
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Open Systems View
Open systems view is a system that takes in resources from its external environment and converts or transforms them into goods and services that are sent back to that environment, where they are bought by customers(Jones, 2014, p. 56). This was developed by Daniel Katz, Robert Kahn, and James Thompson in the 1960s. Managers can study how the areas interact and make changed to make the work more efficient and effective. Many think that if all areas are considered, the entire work benefits. -
Internet Invention
Today, I can not imagine a business world without the internet. From email to marketing, there are many areas that the internet has enhanced the management world. The internet first workable internet was ARPANET, or the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network which was originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defense(History.com, 2013). -
Moble Phone Invention
The first mobile phone was bought in 1984. It was bought for close to $4000(Wolpin, 2014). This greatly changed the business world, especially the management aspects. -
Ferguson's Formula
Sir Alex Ferguson may be the greatest coach in history. In Europe, he focused on youth and starting kids young in the league so that they would grow up playing together and create a bond that was strong and lasted. His strategy changed the management of the European soccer leagues today(Elberse, 2013). (Image from: hbr.org) -
Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs, founder of Apple products is an example of someone who makes people believe in a product. From what I understand, he was not a very good manager, but because he concentrates on innovation, Apple is VERY successful. This is one aspect that is important in management.
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Skype
Around 2003, Skype was invented. It is probably not the oldest, but is one of the most common. There are many other video chat programs that have been invented that have changed the business world, allowing for managers to oversee and have meetings with those across the globe. This invention I feel has really added to the expansion and globalization of many companies. (Image from: play.google.com) -
Billy Beane and Moneyball
William Lamar, aka Billy Beane, is the general manager for the Oakland A's. He has established the theory Moneyball, which a recent movie was released to highlight his true successes. The moneyball theory is essentially that of the stock market: "sell high, buy low"(Rubin, 2012). He studies the numbers and focuses on statistics for his players and potential players. His strategy has been bold and criticized by most of the sports world, but he has found surprising success. -
Scott Boras
Scott Boras is a sports agent who stressed the client first policy. He probably wasn't the first to establish this concept, but in the sports world, he is known for not caring about media, fan, or other critism. His only concern was his clients and he initially got a lot of criticism for it, but many other managers have followed his strategy.
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