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Scientific Management Theory
Beginning to take shape in the late 1800's, the scientific management theory is defined as the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the process to increase efficiency. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. Contemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 39. Print. -
Frederick W. Taylor
Frederick Taylor born in 1856 is best known for defining the techniques of scientific management, Taylor does this through four principles which all have a steady foundation in job specialization and the division of labor. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George.Contemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 39-41. Print. -
Administrative Management Theory
Also forming in the late 1800's was the administrative managemnt, which can be defined as the study of how to create an organizational structure and control system that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. Contemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 45. Print. -
Henri Fayol - Pricniples of Management
In the mid 1890's Henri Fayol indentified the 14 principles of management. Division of labor, authority and responsibility, unity of command, line of authority, centralization, unity of direction, equity, order, initiative, discipline, remuneration of personnel, stablility, subordination, and esprit de corps all said to increase the efficiency of the management process. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. Contemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 46-50. Print. -
Max Weber
Through the five principles of bureaucracy Max Weber developed a system in the late 19th century that would help organizations increase their effiency and effectiveness. Following the concept of authority. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 46-45. Print. -
The Hawthorne Effect
Developed through Follett's theories in the early 1900's, the hawthrone effect states that a managers behavior can affect their workers' level of performance. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 52. Print. -
Human Relations Movement
Also derived from Follett's theory the human relations movement states that a management approach should advocate the idea that supervisors should recieve behavioral training to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 51. Print. -
Mary Parker Follett
Mary Parker known as the mother of management, generated the idea that authority should go with knowlede, whether it is up or down. Managers should allow employees to contribute work that they are know best of. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 51. Print. -
Andrew Carnegie
In the early 20th centurt, Andrew Canegie developed hardnose management, monopolistic business practices through philanthropy that caused him to avow that no one should die rich. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 43-44. Print. -
Fordism
Generated and practiced from 1908-1914, Henery Ford's team of production managers developed the moving conveyor belt. This in turn created too much work for employees and they started to leave the company. Ford's management created a great deal of employee turnover because of the amount of stress wokers were seeing, Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 42. Print. -
Behavioral Management Theory
In the early 20th century the behavioral management theory beagn, behavioral management can be deined as the study of how managers should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perfom at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 51. Print. -
The Gilbreths
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth had a vision of management. Their aims were to analyze every individuals actions, and find them easier ways to perfom those actions, this is return would create a more efficient organization. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 42-43. Print. -
Strategic Planning
Formed in the 1920's by the Business School of Harvard University, strategic planning can be looked at as a stategy of planning and purpose that defines a company. It was not until the 1950's did strategic planning shift from the organization as a whole, to management. Blackerby, P. (1994). History of strategic planning. Retrieved from http://www.blackerbyassoc.com/history.html -
Alfred P. Sloan
Becoming the president of General Motors in 1923, Alfed Sloan founded the idea of creating multi-devision structures organized by product, each would have their own cheif executive respnsilbe for certain duties. Before the 1920's divisions were organized by function, not product. Vellandi, M. ((2008, January 28)2008, January 28). Alfred sloan and organizational management. Retrieved from http://www.melodiesinmarketing.com -
"HP Way"
Following Theory Y, Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett formed the "HP Way" a philosophy that is people-oriented and stresses the importance of treating every person with consideration and respect and offers recognition for achievements. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 54. Print. -
Management Science Theory
Forming in the early 1940's, the management science theory can be defined as an approach to management that uses rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. Contemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 55. Print. -
Peter E. Drucker
It was Peter Drucker that came up with the idea as treating an organization as a human family. Humans should be treated as assets and not liablilities, and that there is no business without customers. Byrne, J. ((2005, November 27)2005, November 27). The man who invented management. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-11-27/the-man-who-invented-management -
Abraham Maslow- Hierarch of Needs
Abraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of Needs. This model can be best described by the five genal motivation traits and individual needs to achieve a goal. These five traits include self-actualization, esteem, social, safety, and physiological. McLeod, S. (2007). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html -
Theory X
After taking numerous studies post World War II, theory X can described by as looking at sets of negative assumptions workers have in the workplace that leads to the conclusion that manager's and supervisor's must work closely to control their employee's behavior. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 53-54. Print. -
Theory Y
In contrast to Theory X, Theory Y can be described as a set of positive assumptions on employee's that causes manager's to create a work setting that encourages committment and orgaizational goals. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 54-55. Print. -
Organizational Environment Theory
Taking shape in the 1960's, organizational enviorment can be defined as the set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization's boundaries but affect a manager's ability aquire and utilize resources. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. Contemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 56. Print. -
Contingency Theory
Developed in the 1960's by Tom Burns and G.M, Stalker, the contingency theory can be defined as the idea that the organizational structures and control systems managers choose depend on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 57. Print. -
The Open-Systems View
Daniel Kratz, Robert Kahn, and James Thompson developed the open-systems view in the 1960's. The open system states that a system takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchace by coustomers. Jones, Gareth R., and Jennifer M. George. ontemporary Management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2014. 56. Print. -
Michael E. Porter
Michael Porter, professor at Bishop William Lawrence University is the leading authority in competetive strategy. Competetive strategy can be looked at as the strategic approaches to social needs including health care, innovation, and corporate responsibility, or mnagement. Faculty & research . (2014). Retrieved from http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=6532 -
The Corporate Movement
The Coporate Movement is a consulting firm aimed at specialing in performance management, process improvement, and organizational management. By consulting with this firm, companies are able to manage their business with great efficiency. The corporate movement. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.linkedin.com/company/the-corporate-movement
