Islamic empire expansion with Christian relation

The Persian Empire was captured Jerusalem

615

The Persian Empire was captured Jerusalem which was retaken by the Byzantine Romans in 628.

Muslims looked for guidance

622

Abu Bakr, Sunni Muslims highly guided caliphs

632

Death of Muhammad

632

Umar ruling, Muslims captured Jerusalem

634

Umar shows great respect for Jews and Christians. Islam spread into Syria, Persia and North Africa.

Palestine and Iraq came under Islamic rule

637

Syria came under Islamic Rule

641

Uthman ruling caused increased wealth in Medina and Arabia

644

Iran under Islamic Empire rule

650

Ali ruling

656

656- 661= Ali ruling. Moved the capital of Islam to Kufa

Battle of the Camel

656

Ali leading the battle having over 10,000 men. Ali was victorious in the end.

Damascus was made the capital.

661

Administrators of Damascus were Christians who knew Greek. Damascus -1st place of the encounter between Islam and Greek. During this time Christians we're mostly Greek with a question to their new Masters through a process of talking this such dialogue contributed to the development of Islamic religious thought. Some Muslim scholars began to question the Christians on the precise belief of their religion. Encounters of scholars- two faiths helping another redefine respective doctrines

reign of Caliph Abd al- Malkin ibn Marwarn

685

685-705 during the reign of Caliph Abd al- Malkin ibn Marwarn The Dome of the rock was built on the temple Mount under Christian rule. The Dome of the rock was decorated by Christian Craftsman.

Parts of North Africa came under Islamic Rule

712

People of the book were allowed to practice their religion freely

714

Pg 62 Hewer The first rapid expansion of the Islamic empire often has given rise to misconceptions that Islam spread at the point of the sword. There was an expansion but not a conversion of the faith of Islam at this time. Freedom of religion was allowed by people of the books such as Jews Christians or Zoroastrians. Centuries passed before the majority of the people of Arab lands became Muslim. Particularly in Egypt Coptic Christians remained the larger group religion.

John Damascus

750

a Greek trained administrator also A theologian grew up in Damascus under the Islamic empire following his father into administration. John Damascus was the first Christian theology and to attempt to write theologically about Islam with regard to Christian heresy. The first theology was constructed in Damascus for Islam. Muslim scholars began to question the Christians on precisely what they believed.

The Golden age

756

The Golden age of Islamic Spain was reckoned. New Capital was established at Cordoba.

Caliph al Mansur established Baghdad as part of the Islamic Empire

775

Caliph al Mansur established Baghdad as part of the Islamic Empire, where it remained until the attack by the Mongols in 1258. Many of those who came to Baghdad were Christians and Jews who sat with Muslims that spoke Arabic to ensure that the work was as accurate as possible. A language of scholarship being Arabic, manuscripts were translated. When the manuscript was translated it was able to be copied and sent out around the Islamic empire for different scholars to use.

the Great Mosque of Cordoba began

786

Abu Ma’shar took great strides in the increase of astronomy and astrology.

886

He influenced many lands that were translated into Latin at Toledo by his work. Islamic Spain's power of the people rested in the Muslim government, ruled by principles of Islamic law. Majority of people remained Christian with Jews as being a minority. considered the Golden age due to the highly accessible education and new scholarly wisdom. Jewish, Muslim , and Christian scholars all worked together to bring about great development. Arabic was the main language of the scholarship.

development in Islamic art and architecture

909

909 to 1171 In Cairo in the development in Islamic art and architecture was formed

the great mosque and the University of al- Azhar was founded.

978

Abbots of Cluny- Peter the Venerable

1156

Peter, an Archbishop of Toledo that was interested in scientific thought. Specifically, in Toledo Jewish, Christian, an Muslim scholars who knew Arabic worked with Christians that knew Latin to translate copies of the ancient wisdom to make available for distribution. This was the first time the Qur’an was translated into a European language. Peter himself wrote of Islamic teachings. At this time there was a level of academic theology meeting in Spain but also abrahamic faiths meeting together.

al- Azhar was the center of the Sunni learning and remains the single most great center.

1168

Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd worked in Arabic

1198

one of the 3 men that worked together to unite Christian, Jewish and Muslim.

Moses Maimonides, Jewish theologian

1204

worked in Spain in Arabic and Hebrew. One of the 3 men that worked together to unite Christianity, Jewish and Muslim to later translate dialogue.

Thomas Aquinas

1274

Thomas Aquinas was the greatest Christian theosophical theologian working in Latin. Worked together with 2 others to translate dialogue.

The decline of Christian nobility end

1492

forced conversations of Spanish Jewish and Muslims to Christianity. Most people remained either Jewish or Muslim but outwardly accepted baptism preferable to exploitation or death.

- St. John of the Cross

1542

• St. John of the Cross. Mystical tradition influence on Spanish Christian

The great expulsion

1609

Many Muslims and Jews were forced to leave Spain. They began to settle throughout North Africa around the eastern Mediterranean in Muslim lands.