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570
Muhammad Ibn Abdullab was born.
Muhammad was born in Mecca, which was a large city with a population of more than 10 000. He was the new prophet chosen by Allah, this god wanted Muhammad to create a new monotheistic religion called Islam. -
622
The Hijra
Muhammad fled to the city of Medina, because the authorities persecuted him. This event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. -
630
Many Arab tribes converted to Islam.
Many Arab tribes converted to Islam from 630 onwards and were united under the authority of Medina. -
Period: 631 to 661
The four caliphs
They were chosen by Muhammad's family members, this created a divide between the Muslims:
- Shia: Must be a direct descendent of Muhammad.
- Sunnis: They should be chosen by the most devout
believers. -
632
The end of Muhammad's live
Muhammad died, and most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam. -
Period: 661 to 750
Umayyad dynasty
They made Damascus the capital. They led a great expansion, conquering lots of regions including the Iberian Peninsula. -
711
Battle of Guadalete
In 711, an army of Berbers led by an Arab minority, defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete, in which the king Roderic died. And created Al-Andalus. -
718
Conquest of Berber tribes
The powerfull Muslim Empire conquered the Berber tribes in North Africa. And the Visigoths that could scape of the Arab tribes took refuge in the Cantabrian mountains. -
Period: 718 to 756
The dependent Emirate
After the conquest, Al-Andalus became a emirate, that was dependent on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus. The capital was Cordoba. -
722
Battle of Covadonga
The Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula now called Al-Andalus tried to conquist Asturia, but the Muslims were defeated. -
732
Battle of Poitiers
The Muslims attacked Franks, but the Muslims were defeated. -
Period: 750 to 1258
Abbasid dynasty
They took the Caliphate, moving the capital to Baghdad. During this period, some provinces separated themselves from the central power. -
Period: 756 to 929
The independent Emirate
Abd al-Rahman I fled to Al-Andalus and created the independent Emirate, it was independent in everything, it had the same power than Arabia. -
831
More invasions
They expanded towards Nubia and ocuppied Palermo. -
846
Invasion of part of Italy
They invaded southern and central Italy. -
Period: 929 to 1031
Caliphate of Cordoba
It was founded by Abd al-Rahman III. But the Emirate of Cordoba had many problems, so Abd al-Rahman decided to proclaim himself caliph and stablished the Caliphate of Cordoba. -
Period: 1031 to 1248
Taifa Kingdoms
From 1008, the Caliphate began to break up. Then it was separated into more than 25 independent kingdoms called taifas. But because of the political fragmentation it was military weaker. To stop the Christian advance, new Muslims camed to Al-Andalus, the Christian advance stopped temporaly, but finally the Christians conquist most of the taifas. -
Period: 1248 to 1492
Nasrid Kingdom of Granada
It was the only territory that survived the Christian attacs was the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada. But in 1492 they were defeated by the Catholic Monarchs. -
1451
Turks
The Turks took the Islamic Empire and they conquered Constantinople.