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Bureaucracies Are Best
Max Weber theorizes that the best form of organization is the decisions are made by officals rather then the collective people. In other words a bureaucracy in terms of hierarchy. (Cummings & Bridgman 2011) -
One Way is Best
Frederick W. Taylor was an engineer who wanted to make sure that every operation or action in a factory, mill or production line was done in the most efficient way possible, Leading to the breakout of the importance of productivity, both machine and human labor being used to it's utmost potential. (Locke 1982) -
Logistics Management start
Early reference to logistics are mostly from military applications, moving things from place to place. Records show around 1898 there are differences found between management and a new sub catagory supply-chain management/ Logistics. (Lummus 2001) -
Basic Human Emotions and Forces that Underlie the Proccess of Organization
By taking reference from everyday common occurances, Follet was able to trasnlate these events into valuble business tactics. she focused her work on the "human factor" of management and the the nehavioral patterns of work. (Sethi 1962) -
First Graduate School of Business
The first advanced degree in business was offered by the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. -
14 principles of Fayol
Division of work
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Subordination ofindividual interests to the general interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar chain (line of authority)
Order
Equity
Stability oftenure of personnel
Initiative
Espritde corps (Wren 1994) -
Psychology of Decision: Hugo Munsterberg
Munsterberg outlined to the Harvard president the neccesity of applied psychology in many fields and including the scientific fields. He reasoned that there ws a need to study and investigate the applied psychology of decision-making in the industrial and production fields. Both personality and intelligence come into play when one is faced with a choice. (Wrege, Greenwood,Mundy, & Muhs 1982) -
Gilbreth: Less is More, and Faster
Frank Gilbreth was a self-made man who was shown his vocation when in the military trying to find a way to increase the speed and accuracy of laying bricks and taking apart firearms. As he was working in congruence with Frederick Taylor, he differed in philosophy by wanting to make things more efficient by having less motions rather than just speed.(Karwatka 2006) -
The Worker and the Machine
Father of operational management theory Henri Fayol, is often compared to Taylor who came up with the scientific management theory. Fayol is more modernly accepted for his compassion for the worker's plight and his focus on the managing of workers as being as important as production cost. (Breeze 1981) -
System of Profound Knowledge
W. Edwards Deming was given credit for bringing the Japanese economy out of the darkness after WWII. His system was a group of ideas that were centered around the work of Dr. Walter Shewhart and have turned into the more commonly known (PDSA) Plan- do- study- act model of quality control. (Wayhan 2010) -
Field Theory
Kurt Lewin proposed that behavior is a result of the individual and the environment. Created the group dynamics at MIT later in his life. (Jones , George 356) -
Theory X and Y
Douglas McGregor assumed two sets of traits about workers, which in turned spawned two styleds of management.(Jones,George 53) -
Over the Shoulder: Motivational Peeking
In 1950 Henry Landsberger coined the term "Hawthorne Effect" by studying a workers at the Chicago electric company Hawthorn Works. What the study showed was that not only did changing lighting and working conditions, increase or decrease productivity, but so did too the simple fact of observing the workers. Giving root to the idea that workers do more, faster, and better when they know someone is watching them. (Pitcher 1981) -
Contingency Theory
Tom Burns and G.M Stalker from Britain and Paul Lawrence and Jay Lorsch from the U.S. develope the contingency theory which simplified says: "there is no best way to organize.."(Jones, George 57) -
Equal Pay Act
An amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act aimed at riding the business world of gender wage disparities. Meaning men could no long make more than a women for doin the same work. (Jones, George 394) -
Equity Theory of Motivation
Adams comes up with the idea that employees have a high sensitivity to equity and forms the model of outcomes/inputs ratio. (Huseman 1987) -
Oversight
Dispute Review Boards were formed to help be a moderator to the two sides of the disagreement. -
Total Quality Management
A piece of Management Science theory that uses input and output data to continuously increase product quality and lower costs. with The break-through of IT systems giving managers and companys bounds more information on the conversion activities of the process. (Jones, George 55) -
SixSigma
Motorola developed the process improvement technique known as Six Sigma. A set of statistical data sets and ways to analize that data to reduce defects and increase quality of production.(Guarraia 2009) -
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Outside Auditing was now required and the CEO and CFO are held responsible for all reporting.(Pashkoff 2002)
