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STAGE 1: FOCUSED ON PRODUCTS:
Quality inspection after production.
--> TECHNICAL FOCUS- CLASSICAL SCHOOL
--> FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR -
SCHOOL-STAGE 1
SCHOOLS
-THE BEHAVIORAL SCHOOL -
STAGE 2: FOCUSED ON PROCESSES:
Quality inspection during the manufacturing process (Shewart, Deming, Shingo)
-THE QUANTITIVE SCHOOL -
WALTER A. SHEWART
March 18, 1891
He was an American physicist, engineer and statistician, sometimes known as the father of statistical quality control and also related to the Shewhart cycle. -
SHIGEO SHINGO
SAGA City, Japan, 1909
He was a Japanese industrial engineer who is considered as the world’s leading expert on manufacturing practices and the Toyota Production System.
The theorist of important innovations related to Industrial engineering, such as Poka-yoke and the Zero Quality Control, Shingō could influence fields other than manufacturing. His concepts of SMED, mistake-proofing, and "zero quality control" (eliminating the need for inspection of results) have all been applied in -
W. EDWARDS DEMING
October 14, 1900
Deming championed the work of Walter Shewhart, including Statistical Process Control, Operational Definitions, and what Deming called The Shewhart Cycle. He is best known for his work in Japan after WWII, particularly his work with the leaders of Japanese industry.
Deming is best known in the United States for his 14 Points (Out of the Crisis, by W. Edwards Deming, Preface) and his system of thought he called the System of Profound Knowledge. -
STAGE 3: FOCUSED ON SYSTEM:
Quality assurance throughout the system
(Feigenbaum, Ishikawa)
-TECHNICAL FOCUS
-SYSTEMS SCHOOL -
Armand V. Feigenbaum
April 6, 1922, New York
He was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control, later known as Total Quality Management (TQM). -
Kaoru Ishikawa
July 13, 1915, Tokyo, Japan
He was a Japanese organizational theorist, Professor at the Faculty of Engineering at The University of Tokyo, noted for his quality management innovations. He is considered a key figure in the development of quality initiatives in Japan, particularly the quality circle.
He is best known outside Japan for the Ishikawa or cause and effect diagram often used in the analysis of industrial processes. -
STAGE 4: FOCUSED ON PREVENTION
Continuous improvement, reducing non-quality costs
-(Juran)
-CONTEMPORARY "SCHOOLS" OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT -
Joseph Juran
December 24, 1904, Brăila, Romania
He was an evangelist for quality and quality management, having written several books on those subjects. He was the brother of Academy Award winner Nathan H. Juran.
In 1941, Juran stumbled across the work of Vilfredo Pareto and began to apply the Pareto principle to quality issues (for example, 80% of a problem is caused by 20% of the causes).
-COST OF POOR QUALITY -
STAGE 5: FOCUSED ON PEOPLE:
Employee training, quality circles (O´Dell)
-HUMAN FOCUS
-CONTEMPORARY "SCHOOLS" OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT -
STAGE 6: FOCUSED ON COSTS
Loss function
-(Taguchi)
-HUMAN FOCUS
.THE QUANTITIVE SCHOOL-PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT -
Genichi Taguchi
January 1, 1924. Tokamachi, Japan
Taguchi developed a methodology for applying statistics to improve the quality of manufactured goods.
Taguchi methods have been controversial among some conventional Western statisticians,but others have accepted many of the concepts introduced by him as valid extensions to the body of knowledge. -
STAGE 7: FOCUSED ON CULTURE:
Cultural change in the organization
-(Schein)
-HUMAN FOCUS AND ESTRATEGIC FOCUS -
Edgar Henry Schein
March 5, 1928, Zurich
a former professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, has made a notable mark on the field of organizational development in many areas, including career development, group process consultation, and organizational culture. Schein's model of organizational culture originated in the 1980s. Schein (2004) identifies three distinct levels in organizational cultures: artifacts and behaviours
espoused values
assumptions -
STAGE 8: FOCUSED ON SERVICE
Customer satisfaction
-ESTRATEGIC FOCUS AND HUMAN FOCUS
-THE QUANTITATIVE SCHOOL
-CONTEMPORARY "SCHOOLS" OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT -
STAGE 9: REORIENTED ON PROCESSES
Process reengineering
-CONTEMPORARY "SCHOOLS" OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
-TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
-LEARNING ORGANIZATION -
STAGE 10: GLOBAL FOCUS
Total Quality Management, excellence throughout the organization and value system
-(Mikel Harry)
CONTEMPORARY "SCHOOLS" OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT -
MIKEL HARRY
Dr. Harry has been widely recognized and cited in many publications as the principal architect of Six Sigma and the world's leading authority within this field. His book entitled Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Management Strategy Revolutionizing the World's Top Corporations has been on the "best seller list" of the Wall Street Journal, Business Week, and Amazon.com.
