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The Muslims conquered the most of the Iberian Peninsula and named their territory Al-Andalus -
Al-Andalus was a province that depended politically and religiously on the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus. the capital of Al-Andalus was Cordoba.
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A group of Christians led by Don Pelayo defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Covadonga. This battle was taken as the begining of the Reconquista. -
Abderraman escaped to the Iberian Peninsula because hes family was assesinated. He took adventage of the tension between the Arabs and Berbers and established an independent emirate.
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Abderraman III proclamed himself as a caliph and began the period of the greatest splendour of Al-Andalus. The prosperith continued under the caliph Hisam II but he was too young se he delegated government to Almanzor. When Almanzoe died the caliphate fell into a crisis due to a civil war. The caliphate of Cordoba desintegrated into 28 independent kingdoms called TAIFAS.
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The taifas copeted among theirselves and became verry weak. The christian kingdom took adventage of this weekness. Charged them taxes in exchange of peace. The Reconquista continued in 1085 and Alfonso VI conquered the taifa of Toledo.
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The Almoravids came to the Peninsula and defeated the Christians in the Battle of Sagrajas. The Almoravids incorporated in their empire. The Almoravids implemented a strong religious radicalism, persecuting Mozarabs and Jews. Al-Andalus desintegrated into taifas again.
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The Almoravids came to the Peninsula and defeated the Christians in the Battle of Sagrajas. -
The Almohads stopped the Reconquista in the Battle of Alarcos. -
The second taifas remained independent 1172, when they were conquered by the Almohads (the dynasty that had replaced the Almoravids in North Africa.
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The Almohads reunified Al-Andalus again and incorporated to their territory. The Almohads stopped the Reconquista fo a while in the Battle of Alarcos. The Almohads were defeated by the Christians in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The Christians reached the Valley of Guadalquivir.
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The Almohads were defeated by the Christians in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. -
The Crown of Castilla conquered the taifas of Cordoba, Jaen, Sevilla, Cadiz and Murcia. The Crown of Aragon conquered the taifas of Mallorca and Valencia. Al-Andalus has¡d been reduced to the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada.
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It survived more than 200 years due to their geographical location, the mountains, the Mediterranean enabled to recive supoport of the Muslims from North Africa and the payment of parias to the Kings of Castilla.
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The Catholic Monarchs captured Granada after 10 years of war