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ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
Criado em Fevereiro de 1946 pelos cientistas norte-americanos John Eckert e John Mauchly
Foi o primeiro computador digital eletrônico de grande escala.
Sua capacidade de processamento era de 5.000 operações por segundo.
Criado na segunda guerra, tinha como principal finalidade cálculos balísticos.
Possuía 17.468 válvulas, de 160 kW de potência.
Era programado através de milhares de interruptores, podendo cada um deles assumir o valor 1 ou 0 consoante o interruptor estava ligado ou desligado. -
EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
Ao contrário do ENIAC que operava com base em codificação decimal, o EDVAC foi projetado para utilizar códigos binários e manter os programas armazenados na memória, respeitando a arquitetura de John von Neumann.É considerado um sucesso na história da computação, e sua arquitetura tornou-se padrão para os computadores modernos. -
UNIVAC I - UNIVersal Automatic Computer
Projetado por J. Presper Eckert e John Mauchly, os inventores do ENIAC para uma empresa fundada por ambos, a Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, mas só ficou pronto após esta ser adquirida pela Remington e tornar-se a divisão UNIVAC.Usava 5.200 válvulas, pesava 13 toneladas e consumia 125 kW para fazer 1905 operações por segundo, com um clock de 2.25MHz. O sistema completo ocupava mais de 35 m² de espaço no piso.A entrada e saída de informações eram realizadas por uma fita metálica. -
IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine
Inventor, Thomas Johnson Watson Júnior queria contribuir com o que ele chamou de uma “calculadora de defesa” para ajudar no na guerra contra a Coreia.
Foi o primeiro computador científico comercial da IBM.
Utilizava armazenagem eletrostática, composta de 72 tubos de Williams com capacidade de 1024 bits cada, dando um total de memória de 2048 palavras de 36 bits cada ( memória interna eletrônica).O 701 também levou ao desenvolvimento da linguagem de programação Fortran. -
IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine
O computador IBM 650 foi disponibilizado publicamente, nos USA, pela IBM em Dezembro de 1954.
As dimensões da Unidade Central de Processamento - CPU - eram 1,5 m X 0,9 m X 1,8 m e a sua massa era de 892 Kg. As dimensões da unidade de alimentação eram idênticas, mas a sua massa era de 1.348 Kg.
Dispunha de uma memória de tambor organizada em palavras - word - de dez digitos decimais com sinal. -
CDC 1604
The CDC 1604 was a 48-bit mainframe computer, designed and manufactured by Seymour Cray and his team at the Control Data Corporation , introduced in October 1959 to become one of the first commercially successful transistorized computers -
Honeywell 400
general purpose computer delivered in 1960 48-bits (+2) words, that may contain 4 decimal digits signed or unsigned or 8 alphanumeric characters
Instruction word of 48 bits: 6-bits Op code, 6-bits index, 13-bits A and B addresses, 10-bits C-address. Software incliuded:
EASY Assembler
COBOL compiler
AUTOMATH scientific language compiler
Run Monitor Performances add 111 µs, multiply 1591 µs, divide 5574 µs [performance evaluated to 6 KOps] -
IBM 7094
The IBM 7094 achieved expanded power through high-speed processing by providing its user with A basic machine operating cycle of 2 microseconds
A new processing unit which had major speed effects on:
Floating point operations fixed point multiply and divide operations
Index transfer instructions
Conditional transfer instructions
Compare operations
Two instructions per core storage cycle, substantially reducing instruction cycle time -
CDC 3600
The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 3600 computer arrived at NCAR in November 1963, but the operating system was not ready. SCD staff put together an operating system sufficient to be able to utilize the machine, and by early 1964, SCD was able to provide service on the CDC 3600. By the end of 1964, usage had grown from 50 to 300 hours per month and SCD had run approximately 19,000 jobs. -
UNIVAC 1108
The UNIVAC 1108 was the second member of Sperry Rand's UNIVAC 1100 series of computers, introduced in 1964. Integrated circuits replaced the thin film memory that the UNIVAC 1107 used for register storage. Smaller and faster cores, compared to the 1107, were used for main memory. -
IBM 360
The IBM System / 360 ( S / 360 ) is a mainframe family launched by IBM on April 7 , 1964 . It was the first family of computers to make a clear distinction between architecture and implementation, allowing IBM to launch a set of compatible projects in various price ranges. It was commercially very successful, allowing consumersbuy a smaller system knowing that they could always switch to a more advanced model if needed. The project is considered by many to be one of the most successful -
PDP-8
The PDP-8 is a 12-bit minicomputer that was produced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). It was the first commercially successful minicomputer, with over 50,000 units being sold over the model's lifetime. Its basic design follows the pioneering LINC but has a smaller instruction set, which is an expanded version of the PDP-5 instruction set.[1] Similar machines from DEC are the PDP-12 which is a modernized version of the PDP-8 and LINC concepts, and the PDP-14 industrial controller system. -
DEC 10
The DEC-10, moreover DECsystem-10, of its full name, existed in the variants KA-10 (low-end) and KI-10 (high-end). These computers were all built on discrete logic (ie, transistors, some integrated TTL, "core" memory).
In the KI-10 variant the addressing capacity within a "job" was 256K words of 36 bits, which in current terms would be equivalent to a memory with a capacity slightly higher than 1 Mbyte. It had, however, virtual memory and could address 4,096K word. -
PDP-11
The PDP-11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sold, making it one of DEC's most successful product lines. The PDP-11 is considered by some experts to be the most popular minicomputer. -
ICL 2900
The ICL 2900 Series was a range of mainframe computer systems announced by the UK manufacturer ICL on 9 October 1974. The company had started development, under the name "New Range" immediately on its formation in 1968. The range was not designed to be compatible with any previous machines produced by the company, nor with any competitor's machines: rather, it was conceived as a synthetic option combining the best ideas available from a variety of sources. -
STAR 100
The CDC STAR-100 is a vector supercomputer that was designed, manufactured, and marketed by Control Data Corporation (CDC). It was one of the first machines to use a vector processor to improve performance on appropriate scientific applications. It was also the first supercomputer to use integrated circuits and the first to be equipped with one million words of computer memory. -
IBM 4341
An IBM 4341 with two million characters of main storage offers a lower purchase price and an instruction execution speed up to 3.2 times that of a System/370 Model 138 with one million characters.
The processor is available in two models: in two-million- and four-million-character versions.
Both models use the IBM 3278 Model 2A display console, with a 1,920-character display and keyboard, for operation and maintenance. -
IBM Model 5150
The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsoft´s MS-DOS operating system. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. The IBM PC was widely copied (“cloned”) and led to the creation of a vast “ecosystem” of software, peripherals, and other commodities for use with the platform. -
PUP 11
The Rainbow 100 was a microcomputer introduced by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1982. This desktop unit had a monitor similar to the VT220 in a dual-CPU box with both 4 MHz Zilog Z80 and 4.81 MHz Intel 8088 CPUs.[1] The Rainbow 100 was a triple-use machine: VT100 mode (industry standard terminal for interacting with DEC's own VAX), 8-bit CP/M mode (using the Z80), and 16-bit CP/M-86 or MS-DOS mode using the 8088. -
Compaq Portable
The Compaq Portable was the first PC in the Compaq series of portable computers to be sold under this brand. It was also the first 100% IBM PC compatible "portable" personal computer. Compaq derives its name from the compact nature of its Portable. -
Macintosh 128K
Macintosh 128K is a computer produced by Apple Inc. and launched on January 24, 1984. It came with 128 kB of memory - hence its name, and it ran System 1. It had a black and white screen and a mouse with a single button - which it was the standard for Apple computers for a long time. -
Windows 1.0
Windows 1.0 is the first graphical personal computer operating environment developed by Microsoft. Microsoft had worked with Apple Computer to develop applications for Apple's January 1984 original Macintosh, the first mass-produced personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI) that enabled users to see user friendly icons on screen. Windows 1.0 was released on November 20, 1985, as the first version of the Microsoft Windows line. -
Macintosh Portable
Macintosh Portable was the first portable microcomputer from Apple launched in 1989 with the CPU Motorola 68000 with 16 MHz as a CPU, costing about U $ 7,300. His project was discontinued two years later, in 1991. -
Windows 3.x
The Windows 3.x operating environments of the Microsoft Windows family with an iconographic interface and windows feature, launched between 1990 and 1996 . Version 3.0 was the first most widely used version of Windows, allowing the Microsoft company to compete with the Macintosh system of the company Apple Inc. , and with the Amiga computer of the company Commodore Business , which used a GUI (Graphical User Interface). -
Linux
Linux is a term popularly used to refer to operating systems or operating systems that use the Linux kernel. The core was developed by the Finnish programmer Linus Torvalds, inspired by the Minix system. -
Windows 95
The Microsoft Windows 95 (codenamed Chicago ) is an operating system 16/32-bit created by the company Microsoft . Released 24 of August of 1995 , Windows 95 has revolutionized the market of operating systems and happened to come installed by default with MS-DOS 7.0 (rather than separately, as it was before), the main launch of the company in decade 1990 . Among other things, it made the FAT-16 file system effective(or VFAT). -
Mac OS 9
Mac OS 9 is an operating system from Apple Computer , the latest of the classic Mac OS line. Launched on October 23, 1999 , Apple classified it as "The Best Operating System on the Internet", highlighting Sherlock's Internet search capability , integration with Apple Online's free services known as iTools, and improving the Open network Transport . -
macOS
macOS (formerly Mac OS X and later OS X ) is a proprietary operating system developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. since 2001, based on the Unix kernel titled XNU and intended exclusively for Mac computers , combining the experience gained with the traditional GUI developed for previous versions of Mac OS with a stable and proven core . Within the desktop, laptop and web usage market, it is the second most used desktop operating system, after Microsoft Windows. -
Windows XP
The Windows XP is a family of operating systems of 32 and 64 bits produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers , including home and office computers, laptops , tablets and media centers . The name "XP" is derived from and XP erience . [ 2 ] Windows XP is the successor to both Windows 2000 and Windows ME and is the first consumer operating system produced by Microsoft built on new architecture andcore ( Windows NT 5.1). Windows XP was launched on 25 October of 2001. -
Windows Vista
The Windows Vista is an operating system developed by Microsoft, and the sixth version of Windows for use on personal computers , including home computers and offices, laptops,Tablet PCs and Media Center PCs. On 22 of July of 2005 , Windows Vista was known by the code name Longhorn . The launch of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP , being the longest period between consecutive releases of versions ofMicrosoft Windows . -
Windows 7
Windows 7 is a version of Microsoft Windows , a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business computers , laptops , tablets and media center PCs, among others. Windows 7 was released for business on July 22, 2009, and started selling freely to ordinary users on October 22, 2009, less than three years after the launch of its predecessor, Windows Vista .
