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1469
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
is at once one of history's most important and hotly contested philosophers. The empiricist mindset of Machiavelli allowed him to separate politics from both theology and morality. He based his opinions on experience and historical evidence. He seemed to support leadership by whatever means necessary to maintain power, including fraud, murder, and tyranny, in his most famous books that outlined the principles of efficient control. -
1561
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
For the bulk of the period between the Renaissance and the early modern era, he was among the most important philosophers of nature and scholars of scientific methodology. was an English philosopher, lawyer, and politician. He is recognized for making a significant contribution to the advancement of the notion of morality's inherent nature. Man's will, which governs and coordinates his intellect and emotions, was the center of ethical inquiry. -
David Hume (1711- 1766)
He was primarily interested in developing a "naturalistic science of man" that explores the psychological traits that characterize human nature. Hume was concerned with the way that passions (rather than reason) influence human action, in contrast to rationalists like Descartes. His worldview would have a significant influence on subsequent scientific and religious debate as well as help shape the utilitarian and logical positivist movements. -
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Among the key figures in contemporary philosophy, he is regarded as being extremely important. a proponent of morality derived from reason, whose theories are still widely debated in political, epistemological, and ethical circles. The trait that most differentiates Kant is arguably his instinctive urge to establish a synthesis between empiricists like Hume and rationalists like Descartes, to figure out a middle ground that acknowledges human experience without slipping into disbelief. -
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
He was tasked with coming up with a system through which lawmakers could assess the value of legislation that was being introduced. He counted how many utils there were in each proposed piece of legislation using the Latin word util, which may also mean utility, usefulness, or happiness. the greatest amount of benefit for the largest number of individuals. It is a moral decision if the option is chosen when the balance of good, happiness, or usefulness overcomes that of evil, injury, or misery.