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Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act, the first major piece of regulatory legislation. It passed the law in response to the widespread practice in which the railroads gave rebates to some customers but not others. It forced railroads to publish their rates and forbade them to change rates without notifying the public.
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Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act, which made it illegal for companies to create monopolies. The law was intended to restore competition at a time when monopolies had taken over many industries -
Centralization Is concentration of power among a few key decision makers -
Decentralization is the process by which decisions are made by managers at various levels within an organization -
The purpose of the Hawthorne Studies was to examine how different aspects of the work environment, such as how long your breaks, and the length of your workday, determine how productive the worker is -
maslow created the hierarchy of needs where starting at the bottom the necessities were to make sure people have food, water, and means of survival and then going up from that onto the lesser priorities like ego and self fulfillment -
system of management based on involving all employees in a constant process of improving quality and productivity by improving how they work -
professor douglas mcgregor identified two management styles, theory X and theory Y. theory X was based off of the idea that workers were not there because they wanted to be there but because they just wanted money and you impose strict rules upon those employee’s, theory Y is dependent upon the idea that workers want to be at their job and they enjoy doing their work, managers impose less strict rules -
William Ouchi developed a new theory that combines Japanese and American practices. It incorporates collective decision making and concern for employees,and individual responsibility. -
deming emphasized the maintenance of high quality standards. his overall philosophy for achieving high quality is contained in his 14 points