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Griffith 1
In attempt to cure pneumonia He started out with 2 strains of bacteria and injected them into a mouse, the R(rough) strain (which meant it had no protein coat) was injected and the mouse lived. The S(smooth) strain (meaning there was a protein coat surrounding and protecting it) was injected into a different mouse and the mouse died. -
Griffith 2
Then he heat killed the S strain and that killed the protein coat. When the heat treated S strain was injected and the mouse was able to survive. Then they took the heat treated S strand and the R strand and together it killed the mouse.
Conclusion: Something in the mixture caused the R strain to turn into the S strain. experiment -
Period: to
The History and Discovery of DNA
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Avery, Macleod, and Mccarty
ExpirimentThey took the heat killed S strain and the R strain and added an enzyme that killed protein and the mouse died. After, they took the heat killed S strain and the R strain and added an enzyme that killed the DNA and the mouse survived. Conclusion: the R strain didn't turn into an S strain when DNA was removed meaning DNA is the genetic information and is the chemical makeup of who we and other living things are. They helped discover that DNA (the genetic material) is how we're made up -
Chargaff
ExpirimentChargaff had discovered the 4 nitrogen bases:
A -Adenine
T- Thymine
G- Guanine
C- Cytosine
He concluded that the number of A is equal to the number of T and the number of C is equal to the number of G He helped discover how DNA is made up, and the structure of it -
Hershey and Chase
ExpirimentExpirament: They took the backteria and put something in it to make it duplicate then they injected something to show the DNA by making it glow, which showed that DNA was the genetic material Which concluded and that DNA is the genetic information which is what causes transformation. (which is also the reason why his expirement was so improtant) -
Franklin and Wilkins
They took a picture of DNA This helped people later discover what DNA looks like such as the shape etc Expiriment -
Watson and Crick
ExpirimentThey found out the shape and structure of DNA using all the other information from previous scientists. He proved that DNA is a double helix. They pretty much were the final piece to DNA.
