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Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
He discovered that our veins carried blood and not air, discovered that urine came from the kidneys and not the bladder, he also named Olfactory nerve, Optic nerve, Oculomotor nerve, Trochlear nerve,Trigeminal nerve, Abducens nerve, Facial nerve, Acoustic nerve, Glossopharyngeal nerve, Vagus nerve, Accessory nerve, Hypoglossal nerve. -
Lamarck develops Hypothesis of evolution by means of acquired characteristics
This was the theory about offspring inheriting traits from parents that they had developed from things they had done over a lifetime. -
The Voyage of the HMS Beagle
This book was written by Charles Darwin. It is about his journey from 1831-1836, he talks about his travels on land and on the ship, and his finding on biology, geology, anthropology. -
Louis Pasteur refutes spontaneous generation
During his experiments in 1959, he proved that spontaneous generations was not possible in living things, therefore we all living organisms must come from somewhere and can not just poof into existence. -
The Origin of species by means of Natural Selection is published
Published by Charles, Darwin this book talks about his theory about natural selection and evolution, it opened up peoples minds and paved the scientific road for botany, cellular biology, and genetics. -
Gregor Mendel publishes works on inheritance of traits in pea plants
He talks about his theory on genetics and why we get certain traits form our parents. He also talks about certain traits being more dominant then others, his experiments were conducted on Pea plants. -
The Germ Theory of Disease is published
The discovery of micro organism's that led to different diseases, which helped lead to people developing antibiotics and sanitation. -
Plasmodium falciparum
Giovanni Battista Grassi discovered this was in Malaria and spread by female mosquito. It spreads malaria so easily because it multiplies in human blood so rapidly, causing anemia. -
Hardy-Weinberg equation
It makes it possible to calculate the genetic variations of a population. -
T. Hunt Morgan discovers sex-linkage
He used fruit flys for his expierements to figure out how genetics were passed down to offspring. He found out that the chromosomes carry the genes that allow us to obtain traits from our parents, and that they are located on the same chromosomes as is the "sex" of the offspring. -
Bohr model of atom structure
He used information from other scientists to come up with his own theory about what happens inside of a atom and also created a pictured of the atomic structure -
Frederick Griffith describes the process of transformation
Discovered that information could be passed from bacteria to bacteria by testing two different strands of the Pneumococcus bacteria -
Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment
by using different test that eliminated the possibility for the "substance they were testing to be anything but DNA, leading towards discovering that DNA was not in protein. -
Hershey-Chase experiments are published
They proved that DNA was genetic material and carried genetic information. -
Rosalind Franklin Image 51
Rosalind fixed up and messed with a X-ray machine and worked with crystallized DNA to take this photo, it was a piece of the puzzle needed to discover the model of DNA. Then it was shown to another scientist who used it to finalize his theory and present it to the public as his own. -
Watson and Crick propose the double helix model of DNA structure
They discovered that the DNA structure was a double helix, this opened the door for molecular biology. Without their findings DNA research would not be where it is today. Forensics and other genetic research wouldn't be possible without the discovery of this. -
Meselson and Stahl Experiment
They worked with Watson and Crick's hypothesis talking about Each strand of DNA acts as a template for synthesis of a new strand of DNA. Through testing this theory with E.Coli they determined that this was true. -
Nirenberg cracks the genetic code
this experiment determined the first of the 64 triplet codons. Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T) are the "alphabet" describing the genetic code. -
Lynn Margulis
Her theory was about how life started on earth. -
Apollo 11 Landed on the moon
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon, making them the first two people on the moon, spending 21.5 hours there. They collected lunar material to bring back to earth with them. -
Spliceosomes
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The Sanger Technique is developed
Founded by Fredrick Sanger, it is used in the in vitro process. -
Deep sea hydrothermal vents and associated life around them are discovered
scientists started searching for a reason for incredibly drastic temperature changes in the Galapagos Rift and found the Hydrothermal vents, lots of new species and a ecosystem that could survive in the drastic temperature changes. They also found that bacterial was using chemosynthesis to clean the area and feed the organisms around them -
Polymerase Chain Reaction
This technique made it possible for scientist to make millions of copies of DNA that was limited. This technique is also used in forensics to link DNA together -
The Innocence Project
This project was based around freeing those who were wrongly incarcerated, and they utilized new DNA abilities to compare DNA samples. There has been 356 cases involved with this movement. -
CRISPr/CAS 9 is identified and described
Used to help fight viruses more accurately, changes genes within organisms, and used for editing genes. -
Dolly the sheep is cloned
They wanted to do this so that in the future less livestock would be used for experiments. They took a cell from one sheep and implanted it into the egg of another, she looked like the sheep that the cell was taken from therefore they were able to determine she indeed was a clone, she lived from July 5th 1996 - February 14th 2003 -
Sahelanthropus tchadensis fossil discovered
The fossil was found in the Djurab Desert by Alain Beauvilain, Adoum Mahamat, Djimdoumalbaye Ahounta, and Gongdibé Fanoné. These fossils resemble the relationship between humans and chimpanzees, dates back about 7 million years ago. -
Human genome is fully sequenced
On this day "The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the Department of Energy (DOE) and their partners in the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium announced the successful completion of the Human Genome Project." The goal of this project was to fully map out the genes of human beings, they can also identify the locations of the different genes. This helps in tracking down genetic disorders, and diseases through generations. -
Richard L Bible is executed
He was one of the first cases to be convicted using DNA to match blood found on one of his shirts, it was a match to a little girl he had murdered.
