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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
The Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of several other Christian churches, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists -
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The English Civil War
The English civil war was fought between the parlimentaries and the royalists. There was three different wars during this time. The First two were between King Charles and the Long Parlimentaries. The third saw conflict from King Charles the Second and the Rump Parlimentaries. -
About the time the Enlightenment was started.
The Enlightnement was a movement of reason. Where things had to be proven and some things were overthrown due to scientific discoveries. They challenge religious ideas and used the scientific methods. It first started in Europe and moved its way to America. It was started by a group of men by the names of Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Pierre Bayle, Isaac Newton, and Voltaire. -
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke was a mathematician and inventor who invented several things we still use today. He invented the iris diaphram in cameras, the balance wheel in watchs, and also invented the word cell in biology. His greatest achievment was Hookes Law in Physics. -
Isaac Newton published is "Principia Mathematica"
This work has three volumes and is the basis of mathematics. He started his work because he was curious about the orbits of planets. he wrote his book and the society had a meeting about publishing it.It took about them three meetings to decide they wanted to publish his work. -
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was basically the overthrow of KIng James of England. Hes was overthrew by English Parlimentaries lead by William of Orange. After he succesfully overthrew the king William took the throne as William III. It is also called the revolution of 1688. -
The Two Treatises of Government
John Locke wrote The Two Treatises of Government in 1690. John Locke was a Enlightenment thinker who believed in Natural Rights like life, liberty, and property. His writing shared ideas about self-government with the Decleration of Independence. Locke also believed in creating a new government if the current one fails to protect the citizens. -
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The Russian Enlightenment
The Russian enlightenment was much like the English enlightenment. It saw an increase of the arts and sciences. The first university was built during this time as well as the first library, theatre, and museum were also built. -
The First Newspaper
One importance of the enlightnment was to spread knowledge thorught Europe. To help spread the knowledge there were many publishing companies created. Among the many publishing systems was the first newspaper created in London in 1702. The papers were relativley cheap and provided almost anywhere. -
The Spirit of the Laws
The spirit of the Laws was written by Charles-Louis de Secondat (Montesquieu) and was a research of the different governments. He used scientific method to find laws for governments. He discovered three basic kinds of governments.
1.Republics, made for small states
2.Despotism, made for large states
3.Monarchies, made for moderate sized states
He used England as his prime example because they were a monarchy and had a seperation of powers. -
The Start of a New Age
Around this time new inventions were starting to change the entire way of doing things. New technological advances such as steam instead of animal labor was starting to become more popular. To make all these new things factories were starting to pop up everywhere as well as jobs. This caused the economy to boom and the United States to become a super power in the world. -
Period: to
Denis Diderot and The Encyclopedia
Denis Diderot was a graduate of the University of Paris. After he graduated he decided to become a writer and wrote a large contribution to the enlightment. He wrote the Encyclopedia or Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades. It was a 28 volume collection with a purpose to change the general way of thinking. -
Captain James Cook
James Cook was a British explorer and Captain in the Royal Navy. He was the first european person to make contact with the coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian islands. He also made the first circumnavigation of New Zealand. -
Womens Rights
Mary Wollstonecraft was a female English writer brought forth the greatest movment of womens rights to this point. She wrote a book titled A Vindication of the Rights of Women which pointed out the major problems in which men treted women. She wrote that the governments absolutism was equal to the power men had over women. -
The Social Concract
In the later Enlightenment was a movement where the ideas were based on liiberty, education and the condition of women. A man by the name of Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the most well known philosophe of the Late 1760's. A social contract is when a society as a whole agree to be goverened by their own will. This would make them free. -
Voltaire wrote his Treatise on Toleration
Voltaire's Treatise on Toleration said that all men are brothers under God. He was a critic of Christianity and was against religious intolerance in France. Voltaire was very outspoken and was not afraid to speak his mind. -
Adam Smith's Statement of the laissez-faire.
in 1776 Adam Smith wrote his famous work, The Wealth of Nations. He believed the state should leave economic matters to the people. Smith also thought the government should protect society from invasion. He said the government should defend citizens from injustice. Finally he wrote the government should pay for things the citizens could not afford. -
The beginning of the French Revolution.
The tention between the three French estates grew, and soon mobs began filling the streets. A large crop failure built up the anger amoung the people of France. On July 14 the mob in Paris stormed the Bastille to obtain arms. This attack caused the war and destruction of the monarchy and later the death of Louis XVI. -
The National Assembly created The Declaration of the rights of a man.
In 1789 The National Assembly created a document called The declaration of the rights of a man. It was influenced by the Declaration Independence and other Enlightenment ideas. In this document it said that all men are born and shall remain equal. Also they should have natural right and freedom of speech and religion. -
About the time the Enlightenment ended.
The Enlightenment ended due to the fact that people were switching over and liking the ideas of Romanticism. Romanticism was a movement of basing things on your emotions The Enlightenment changed many triditional concepts and brought peoples attention to nature.
