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CARLOS IV REIGN
He acceded to the throne shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution, and his lack of character used to make him delegate the government in the hands of his valid Manuel Godoy. who was said to be the lover of his wife María Luisa de Parma. The French Revolution of 1789 marked his reign, but that did not prevent him from continuing with the line of enlightened reforms, driven both by the monarch and Godoy, truncated by Napoleonic interference. -
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FERNANDO VII
Fernando VII of Spain, called "El Deseado" or "el rey Felón", was King of Spain between March and May 1808 and, after the expulsion of the "intruding king" José I Bonaparte and his return to the country, again from May 1814 until his death, except for the brief interval in 1823 in which he was dismissed by the Regency Council.
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CARLOS IV
The Spain inherited by Carlos IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances and his regime constantly sought cash to deal with the exigencies of war. -
THE TREATY OF FONTAINBLEAU
The Treaty of Fontainebleau stipulated the joint Franco-Spanish military invasion of Portugal allied with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and allowed for the passage of French troops through Spanish territory, thus being the precedent of the subsequent French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. and the Spanish War of Independence.
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NAPOLEONIC INVASION
The Napoleonic invasion was one of the bloodiest episodes in the
Spanish history and it marked a change in the monarchy of Spain when King Carlos IV of Bourbon abdicated, in favor of his son Fernando VII. The invasion was carried out under a stratagem on the part of Napoleon, who had reached an agreement with Spain to jointly invade Portugal, so they did not put up resistance to its entry but once they reached Portugal, they they turned against Spain and occupied the country. -
INDEPENDENCE WAR
Is the military conflict fought by Spain and Portugal, assisted by the United Kingdom, against the invading and occupying forces of the France for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars.
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ABDICATIONS OF BAYONNE
The Abdications of Bayonne is the name given to a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to what the Spanish-speaking world calls the Spanish War of Independence (1808–1814), which overlaps with the Peninsular War. The failed El Escorial Conspiracy preceded the Tumult of Aranjuez, which forced King Charles IV to abdicate the throne to his son Fernando VII in 1808 by order of the Spanish Royal Council. Fernqndo VII also abdicated later that year. -
CONSTITUTION OF CÁDIZ
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, also known as the Constitution of Cádiz and as La Pepa, was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest constitutions in world history. It was established on 19 March 1812 by the Cortes of Cádiz, the first Spanish legislature that included delegates from the entire empire, including Spanish America and the Philippines.
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ABSOLUTIST RESTORATION
During the Independence War and after the definitive departure of José I from Madrid, on May 27, 1813, the Cortes met in the capital in October. Shortly after, Napoleon recognized Fernando VII as King of Spain through the Treaty of Valençay. The king entered Figueras on March 22, 1814 with the general support of the population and received the support of 69 deputies through the so-called Manifesto of the Persians, which is a declaration in favor of the absolutist restoration. -
ISABEL II
Isabel II was Queen of Spain.
Shortly before her birth, the King issued a Pragmatic Sanction to ensure the succession of his firstborn. She came to the throne a month before her third birthday, but her succession was disputed by her uncle the Infante Carlos, whose refusal to recognize a female sovereign led to the Carlist Wars. Under the regency of her mother, Spain transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy.
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FIRST CARLIST WAR
The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, the first of three Carlist Wars. It was fought between two factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy: the conservative supporters of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón, became known as Carlists, while the progressive supporters of the regent, Maria Cristina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, were called Liberals.
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LIBERAL STATE CREATION
The Spanish liberal revolution as a political movement which includes the different currents that have received the denomination of Spanish liberals, had as its beginning the Spanish War of Independence, as the fundamental stage of the Cortes de Cádiz and as a reference text the Constitution of 1812, to such an extent that the name of Cadiz liberalism is used. The Spanish liberals of the 19th century called it the "Spanish Revolution. -
CONSTITUTION OF 1837
The Spanish Constitution of 1837 was the constitution of Spain from 1837 to 1845. Its principal legacy was to restore the most progressive features of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 and to entrench the concepts of constitutionalism, parliamentarism, and separation of powers in Spain. -
CONSTITUTION OF 1845
The Spanish Constitution of 1837 was enacted in Spain during the regency of María Cristina de Borbón. It was an initiative of the Progressive Party to approve a constitution of consensus with the Moderate Party to allow the alternation of the two liberal parties to stabilize Magna Carta. It was in force for about 7 years until the Moderate Party imposed its own Constitution in 1845. -
SECOND CARLIST WAR
Characterized by some historians more as a conflict than as a real war, it was a popular uprising in different parts of Cataluña. The number of Carlist parties in this region reached around 4,000 armed men at the end of 1847 against a regular army made up of 40,000 soldiers led by Manuel Pavía. The most prominent supporters of the previous war took the mountains of Cataluña. On this occasion, the Carlists also took the name of Montemolinists.
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CRISIS OF THE ISABEL SYSTEM
The final crisis of the reign of Isabel II constitutes the fourth and last period in which the reign of Isabel II of Spain is usually divided. It begins in March 1863 with the fall of the government of the Liberal Union of General Leopoldo O'Donnell and ends with the Revolution of 1868 that ended the Monarchy of Elizabeth II -who went into exile- and opened the new stage of history contemporary of Spain called Democratic Sexenio (1868-1874). -
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THE SIX DEMOCRATIC YEARS
The six democratic or revolutionary years is a period of 6 years between 1868 and 1874 in the history of Spain.
Sarts on 1868 with the overthrow of Queen Isabella II of Spain after the Glorious Revolution, and ends on 1874 with the Bourbon Restoration, when Isabella's son Alfonso XII became King.
The sexenio spawned the most progressive 19th-century Spanish constitution, the 1869 Constitution, the one dedicating the most space to the rights of the Spanish citizens. -
CONSTITUTION OF 1869
The Spanish Constitution of 1869 was the Constitution approved under the Provisional Government of 1868-1871, after the triumph of the Revolution of 1868 that ended the reign of Isabel II. It was the Constitution that was in force during the reign of Amadeo I. It was definitively abolished after the triumph of the Martínez Campos pronouncement in December 1874, which gave way to the Bourbon Restoration in Spain, during which the Constitution of 1876 was promulgated. -
THIRD CARLIST WAR
The third Carlist war was a civil war developed in Spain between the supporters of Carlos and the governments of Amadeo I.
This civil war developed mainly in the Basque Provinces, Navarra and Cataluña. In addition to the defense of order and Catholic unity, the restoration by the pretender in July 1872 of the charters abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees by Felipe V, influenced the strength of the uprising in Catalonia and to a lesser extent in Valencia and Aragon. -
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BOURBON RESTORATION
The Bourbon Restoration is known as the political stage in the history of Spain developed under a monarchical system that lasted between the end of 1874 and on April 14 1931. The name refers to the recovery of the throne by a member of the House of Bourbon, Alfonso XII, after the parenthesis of the Democratic Sexenio.
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CONSTITUTION OF 1876
The Spanish Constitution of 1876 was promulgated on June 30, 1876 by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and was the basis of the Bourbon Restoration. The final text was approved without major changes by some constituent Cortes elected by direct male suffrage, without specifying a voting system in accordance with the provisions of the 1869 Constitution.
