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Period: Apr 22, 1451 to Nov 26, 1504
ISABELLA I
She was Queen of Castile. She was married to Ferdinand II of Aragon. Their marriage became the basis for the political unification of Spain under their grandson,Charles V
Isabella and Ferdinand are known for completing the Reconquista, ordering conversion or exile of their Muslim and Jewish subjects and for supporting and financing Christopher Columbus' 1492 voyage that led to the opening of the New World and to the establishment of Spain as the first global power which dominated Europe. -
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CHARLES II
He was the last Habsburg ruler of Spain. His realm included Southern Netherlands and Spain's overseas empire, stretching from the Americas to the Spanish East Indies.He died in 1700, childless and heirless, with all potential Habsburg successors having predeceased him. -
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JOSEPH I
Joseph I was Holy Roman Emperor from 1705 until his death in 1711. Joseph was crowned King of Hungary at the age of nine in 1687, and King in Germany at the age of eleven in 1690.
Joseph continued the War of the Spanish Succession, begun by his father, against Louis XIV of France, in a fruitless attempt to make his younger brother Charles (later Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor) King of Spain, he did succeed in establishing Austrian hegemony over Italy. -
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WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESION
The War of the Spanish Succession was a major European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death in 1700 of the last Habsburg King of Spain, Charles II.
Castillians generaly supported the Phillip because the new royal house promised continuation of an imperial Spain ruled from Madrid.
However,Catalonia,Aragin and Valencia,supported the Austrian pretender. -
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New Foundation Decrees
They were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip V the first Bourbon King of Spain that made Aragon,Valencia and Catalonia to be subject to the laws of Castille -
TREATY OF UTRECHT
The Treaty of Utrecht established the Peace of Utrecht, is a series of individual peace treaties,the Hasburgs world power enabled Louis XIV obtain this treaty. -
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FLORIDABLANCA
José Moñino y Redondo was a Spanish statesman. He was the reformist chief minister of King Charles III of Spain, and also served briefly under Charles IV. He was arguably Spain's most effective statesman in the eighteenth century. In Spain, he is simply known as Conde de Floridablanca. -
FIRST FAMILY COMPACT
France backed Spain's right to recover possessions in Italy in return for Spain's support in the War of the Polish succession.The Compact proved beneficial.In 1734,Spanish troops recovered Naples and Sicily and Isabel's older son Charles was crowned King of Naples (Charles III) -
SECOND FAMILY COMPACT
In support of France's involvement with the Austrian War of Succession,resulted in the installation of Charles´s younger brother Philip as duke of Parma and Piacenza in 1748 -
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JOVELLANOS
He was also a very important thinker and politician like Floridablanca.He wanted to improve economic,social and cultural conditions in Spain.They also established schools,academies and special associations known as 'sociedades economicas de amigos del país' . -
CANAL DE CASTILLA
It was a canal built between the last half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century to facilitate irrigation, it runs 207 km through the provinces of Burgos, Palencia and Valladolid.
The canal was most used during the 1850-1870 period, when up to 400 barges plied the canal towed by beasts of burden.
It began to be built the 16 of July of 1735 -
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CHARLES III
He was the King of Spain and the Spanish Indies.He was the fifth son of Philip V of Spain,
In 1734, as Duke of Parma, he conquered the kingdoms of Naples and of Sicily, and was crowned king on 3 July 1735.
As king of Spain Charles III tried to rescue his empire from decay through far-reaching reforms such as weakening the influence of the Church and its monasteries, promoting science and university research, facilitating trade and commerce, modernising agriculture and avoiding wars. -
THIRD FAMILY COMPACT
Involved a wide-rangingbattle between Britain and France for colonial supremacy,and Austrian and Prussian conflicts over domination of German lands.Britain gave support to Prussia,France to Austria.
The big winner was Britain.the big looser France loosing Quebec to England and ceding Lousiana to Spain.) -
JESUISTS ARE EXPELLED FROM SPAIN
The Bourbons expelled the Jesuits from Spain in order to eliminate their power in education.
The Jesuits took refuge in non-Catholic nations, particularly in Prussia and Russia, where the order was either ignored or formally rejected. -
ESQUILACHE RIOTS
They occurred in March 1766 during the rule of Charles III of Spain. Caused mostly by the growing discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures.
Traditional long capes and wide-brimmed hats were prohibited because they allowed cromonals to conceal their faces -
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CHARLES IV
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788, until his abdication on 19 March 1808.
He intended to maintain the policies of his father, and retained his prime minister, the Count of Floridablanca, in office,and kept up the appearance of an absolute, powerful monarch,
Charles never took more than a passive part in his own government. The affairs of government were left to his wife, Maria Luisa, and his prime minister,while he occupied himself with hunting. -
EXECUTION OF LOUIS XVI
The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution
Bourbons supporters feared that if Louis XVI a bourbon cousin fell,the Spanish house would not be far behind.His execution made him the first victim of the Reign of Terror. His wife Marie Antoinette was guillotined on 16 October, the same year. -
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WAR OF THE PYRENEES
The War of the Pyrenees, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic. It pitted Revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal from March 1793 to July 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars.
A treat of peace was signed in 1795 saw the French retire north of the Pyrenees in return for which Spain ceded to the French half of the Caribbean island of Santo Domingo. -
TREATY OF SAN ILDEFONSO
The Second Treaty of San Ildefonso was signed on 19 August 1796 between Spain and the First French Republic. Based on the terms of the agreement, France and Spain would become allies and combine their forces against the British Empire. -
NAPOLEON IS CROWN AS EMPEROR
After a number of military victories,he effectively took power declaring himself First Consul in 1799,and Emperor in 1804. It marked "the instantiation of modern empire".
Napoleon wanted to establish legitimacy of his Imperial reign, with its new royal family and new nobility. -
BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
It was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars.
The British victory spectacularly confirmed the naval supremacy that Britain had established during the eighteenth century . -
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PENINSULAN WAR
The Peninsular War was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807, and escalated in 1808 when France turned on Spain, its ally until then. -
TREATY OF FONTAINBLEAU
the Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on 27 October 1807 in Fontainebleau between Charles IV of Spain and Napoleon I of France by France and Spain regarding the occupation of Portugal.
Under this treaty Portugal was divided into three regions,the accord proposed the division of the Kingdom of Portugal and all Portuguese dominions between the signatories. -
ABDICATIONS OF BAYONNE
They were a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to Guerra de la Independencia Española. Napoleon's designation of his brother, Joseph, as King of Spain was resisted by the Spanish people and led to the Peninsular War. Napoleon was eventually forced to release Ferdinand, and, on December 11, 1813, he appointed Ferdinand as the King of Spain. -
FIRST SPANISH CONSTITUTION
During the was a national assembly had been elected and set up at Cádiz It established the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy,separation of powers and the right to privacy,freedom of press and prohibition of torture(end of Inquisition).
With the end od the war,Ferdinand was welcomed back as King,promising to uphold this 'Constitution of 1812'.Ferdinand did not keep his promise. -
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FERDINAND VII (first period)
Ferdinand VII was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and again from 1813 to his death. He was known to his supporters as "the Desired" He reestablished the absolutist monarchy and rejected the liberal constitution of 1812. He suppressed the liberal press 1814-33 and jailed many of its editors and writers. Under his rule, Spain lost nearly all of its American possessions, and the country entered into civil war on his death. -
RIEGO'S PRONUNCIAMIENTO
A liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolutist rule of King Ferdinand VII . It ended in 1823 when, with the approval of the crowned heads of Europe, a French army invaded Spain and reinstated the King's absolute power. This invasion is known in France as the "Spanish Expedition" (expédition d’Espagne), and in Spain as "The Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis". -
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FERDINAND VII (SECOND PERIOD)
This was called the liberal period: in 1820 Riego made a pronunciamiento.As a result the king restores the Constitution -
CIEN MIL HIJOS DE SAN LUIS
Cien mil hijos de San Luis was the popular name for a French army mobilized in 1823 by the Bourbon King of France, Louis XVIII to help the Spanish Royalists restore King Ferdinand VII of Spain to the absolute power of which he had been deprived during the Liberal Triennium.
The actual number of troops was around 60,000 -
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FERDINAND VII (THIRD PERIOD)
This reing was called "década ominosa" it was the victory of absolutism: in 1823 Ferdinand asked the Holly Alliance to assit hum in re-establishing the absolutism,it lasted ten years of represion and persecution. -
SALIC LAW
Pragmatic Sanction of King Ferdinand VII, decree of Ferdinand VII of Spain, which promulgated his predecessor Charles IV’s unpublished decision of 1789 revoking the Salic law of succession, which had denied royal succession to females. The Pragmatic Sanction was intended to permit his unborn child to succeed to the throne, even if it were female. -
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THREE CARLIST WARS
The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century. The contenders fought to establish their claim to the throne, although some political differences also existed.he Carlist Wars had a strong regional component (Basque region, Catalonia, etc.), given that the new order called into question region specific law arrangements and customs kept for centuries.Carlos denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 that abolished the semi Salic Law -
SPANISH GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
The Spanish Glorious Revolution took place in Spain in 1868, resulting in the deposition of Queen Isabella II. Leaders of the revolution eventually recruited an Italian prince, Amadeo of Savoy, as king. His reign lasted two years, and he was replaced by the first Spanish Republic. -
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AMADEOUS OF SAVOY
He was the only King of Spain from the House of Savoy. He was the second son of King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy,t reigned briefly as King of Spain from 1870 to 1873.
Amadeo's reign was fraught with growing republicanism, Carlist rebellions in the north, and the Cuban independence movement. He abdicated and returned to Italy in 1873, and the First Spanish Republic was declared as a result. -
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THE FIRST REPUBLIC
Republic's founding started with the abdication as King on 10 February 1873 of Amadeo I, following the Hidalgo Affair, when he had been required by the radical government to sign a decree against the artillery officers.
Spain had a republican government for the first time,there were many problems like: demands for greater regional autonomy in Andalucia,Levante and Cataluña.The division of the republicans,and the Third Carlist War. -
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CUBAN WAR
The Cuban War was a conflict fought between Spain and the United States in 1898.
Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish rule. The main issue was Cuban independence; the ten-week war was fought in both the Caribbean and the Pacific.
The result was the 1898 Treaty of Paris, negotiated on terms favorable to the US which allowed it temporary control of Cuba and ceded ownership of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine islands.
