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Charles II´s death
Carlos II, also known as "Bewitched" was the last Habsburg ruler of Spain, he died childless and without heirs. So in his will, Charles appointed as his successor his nephew Philip, Duke of Anjou, grandson of the half-sister of Carlos Maria Teresa of Spain, the first wife of Louis XIV. Because the other European powers saw the dynastic prospective relationship between France and Spain as altering the balance of power in Europe. -
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First Reign of Philip V
The First Borbon king of Spain after defeating the Austrian Archduke Charles in the Spanish sucession war.
He gave up the crown to his son when he suffer from melancholy -
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War of Spanish Succession
The War of Spanish Succession was an international conflict caused by the childless death Carlos II of Spain, which left as the main result the establishment of the House of Bourbon in Spain.
The War of Succession became a civil war between Bourbons, whose support was in the Crown of Castile, and Austrians, most in the Crown of Aragon.
The main consequences of the war were losing its European possessions and the disappearance of the Crown of Aragon, which ended the model of monarchy. -
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, also known as Peace Treaty of Utrecht or Utrecht-Rastatt, is a set of treaties signed by the opposing states in the War of Spanish Succession between 1713 and 1715 in the Dutch city of Utrecht and the German Rastatt.
The treaty put an end to the war, but later his firm continued hostilities in Spanish territory until July 1715, when the Marquis of Asfeld took the City of Mallorca. In this treatise Europe changed the political map. -
New Foundation Laws
The New Foundation Laws is a set of laws established by Philip V, winner of the War of Spanish Succession. This laws abolished the exclusive laws of the Kingdom of Valencia, the Kingdom of Aragón, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Mallorca, all of them belonging to the Crown of Aragon, which supported Archduke Charles during the war. The laws were also applied to the judicial and administrative organization of the Crown of Castilla. -
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Reign of Louis I
The son of the Philip V who didn´t do anything relevant during his reign as he died too young from smallpox -
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Second Reign of Philip V
He mainly do anything for controlling the Spanish territories as he spent years in bed , and when he raise up from it he was under the control of his wife -
First Family Compact
Felipe V was recognized as king by the great European powers, provided that the thrones of Spain and France would never join. His ascension to the throne was followed by the war of Spanish succession, in which Spain lost its Hispanic territories.
Louis XV was married with the Polish princess Maria Leszczynska, causing the entry of France into the war of succession in Poland.
Both monarchs, Felipe and Luis, allied in the First Family Compact, making a common front against Austria. -
Second Family Compact
After the death of Philip V in 1746, the new King Ferdinand VI of Spain carried out a policy of active neutrality between Britain and the Kingdom of France. He strengthened the navy to avoid being dragged into war and the second family pact was established, which will dissociate to support France in its wars. In return, Britain agreed to removing the entry of Black people and leaving the boat. Through this alliance Spain and Milan won the duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla. -
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Reign of Ferdinand VI
He began his reign by eliminating the influence of the widow Queen Elizabeth Farnese and her group of Italian courtiers. Established peace, King followed a policy of neutrality and peace abroad for a set of internal reforms.
In August 1749, Fernando VI authorized the persecution to stop and extinguish the kingdom Gypsies, known as the Great Raid.
By ordinance on 2 July 1751 he prohibited freemasonry. -
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Reign of Charles III
Carlos III was the fifth son of Felipe V, but the eldest of his second wife, Elizabeth Farnese. In 1731, he became the Duke of Parma and Piacenza.
As king of Spain, he tried to rescue his empire of decay through far-reaching reforms, promotion of science, trade facilitation, modernization of agriculture and preventing wars. His reforms proved short-lived and Spain relapsed after his death, but his legacy lives on to this day. -
Third Family Compact
Carlos III of Spain (1716-1788) returned to the warmongering policy directly against England to recover Gibraltar and Menorca and signed the Third Family Compact, which led him to enter the final phase of the Seven Years' War in support of the France against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the defeat that caused considerable losses in the final, in 1763 the two Floridas, which gave the United Kingdom, and Colonia del Sacramento in Uruguay and Buenos Aires Western Front, to Portugal. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States, ended the American Revolutionary War. This treaty, along with a separate peace treaty between Britain and the nations that supported the American cause (France, Spain and the Dutch Republic) are collectively known as the Peace of Paris. Their territorial provisions were "very generous" to the United States in terms of extended limits. -
Esquilache Riots
The Esquilache Riots occurred during the rule of Charles III of Spain. Caused mostly by the growing discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, they were sparked off by a series of measures regarding Spaniards' apparel that had been enacted by Leopoldo de Gregorio, Marquis of Esquilache, a Neapolitan minister whom Charles favored. -
Jesuits expelled by Bourbons
The expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain in 1767 was ordered by King Carlos III on charges of being the instigators of popular uprisings last year, known by the name of Esquilache Riots. Six years after the Spanish monarch succeeded Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Jesuit order. It was restored in 1814, but the Jesuits were expelled from Spain twice in 1835, during the regency of Maria Cristina of Bourbon in 1932, during the Second Spanish Republic. -
American Declaration of Independence
Richard Henry Lee of Virginia presented a resolution calling on Congress, which met in Philadelphia, to declare independence of the thirteen American colonies from Britain.
The writing committee produced was read in Congress on June 28 and July 4 adopted the Declaration of Independence, which contained a number of grievances against the British crown. The document was printed and distributed throughout the colonies as a handout. -
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Reign of Charles IV
Charles IV of Spain was son Charles III and Maria Amalia of Saxony.
He acceded to the throne shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution, and its lack of character had to delegate the government of his reign in the hands of his wife Maria Luisa de Parma and Manuel Godoy, whom he was said to be a lover of the Queen.
On the death of Charles III, the economic downturn and the mess of the administration revealed the limits of reformism. -
Storming of Bastille
The attack of an angry mob started by the raise of the taxes , the mob chose the bastille because they wanted the guns and the gunpowder store inside , after the Storming the Bastille became a symbol of the revolution -
Execution of Louis XVI
It was a major event of the French Revolution.
Following the fall of the monarchy after the attack on the Tuileries by insurgents, Louis was arrested, interned in the Temple prison with his family, judged for high betrayal before the National Convention, convicted in an almost unanimous vote, and sentenced to death by a slight majority.
His execution made him the first victim of the Reign of Terror. -
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War of Pyrenees (EVENT)
The War of the Pyrenees was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition war against the First French Republic. He faced revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal during the French Revolutionary Wars.
The war was brutal in two ways. First, the Committee of Public Safety decreed that all French royalist prisoners are executed. Second, the French generals who lost battles were sent to prison or the guillotine with alarming frequency. -
Treaty of San Ildefonso
The Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1796 was signed between Spain and the military alliance of France, for which he ended the Franco-Spanish war of the Pyrenees, the two countries decided to join forces against Britain, common enemy: France was in war against the First Coalition, union of several countries, including Britain was the first power, while Spain was the target of the British military navy in the American colonies. -
Napoleon First Consul
Napoleon seized French parliamentary and military power in a two-fold coup d'état, forcing the sitting directors of the government to resign. One day later, a remnant of the Council of Ancients abolished the Constitution of the Year III, ordained the Consulate, and legalised the coup d'état in favour of Bonaparte with the Constitution of the Year VIII.
He immediately set up a dictatorship and settled in the Tuileries. The constitution was approved in a manipulated referendum. -
Battle of Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval battle in the framework of the Third Coalition initiated by Britain, Austria, Russia, Naples and Sweden to try to overthrow Napoleon Bonaparte's imperial throne and dissolve the existing French military influence in Europe. This naval battle is considered one of the most important nineteenth century, where the allies France and Spain fought against the British army under the command of Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, who earned the victory. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed between Carlos IV of Spain and Napoleon I of France. The agreement proposed the division of the Kingdom of Portugal and all the Portuguese domains among the signers.
Based on the first article of this agreement, the king of Etruria would be granted in exchange for Tuscany, Portuguese territories between the River Minho and Douro.
The second article of the treaty proposed the establishment of a new Principality of the Algarves, including the ancient Kingdom -
Abdications of Bayonne
The Abdications of Bayonne is a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to the Spanish War of Independence. The failed El Escorial Conspiracy preceded the Mutiny of Aranjuez, which forced King Charles IV to abdicate the throne to his son Ferdinand VII by order of the Spanish Royal Council.
The French emperor, soon after, gave these rights to his brother Joseph Bonaparte, who reigned under the name of Joseph I. -
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Peninsular war
The peninsular war was the war in wich the Spanish allies Portugal and England were fighting to defeat the Napoleon army which was in a growth -
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Reign of Joseph I
He was given the crown of Spain by his brother Napoleon, after the abdications of Bayone , he oath the spanish constitution -
First Constitution: La Pepa
The Spanish Constitution of 1812 lays down the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, freedom of press, and supported land reform and free enterprise. This constitution, one of the most liberal of his time, was actually the first in Spain.
The Spanish nicknamed the Constitution of La Pepa, possibly because it was adopted on St. Joseph's Day, 'Pepa' is a nickname for "Josephine". -
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Ferdinand VII First reign
Because of the riot of Aranjuez , in by wich him and his father were forced to leave the peninsula and live in Bayone he came back to Spain after Napoleon was defeated . He take the Throne and rule -
Riego's Pronunciamiento
A military coup d´etat by which the General Rafael de Riego and other officials that were furious with the king Ferdinand VII which was obsessed with the war on America and caused the dead of thousands although the war was useless .
The Pronunciamiento was successful and the Trinenio Liberal started -
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Second reign of Ferdinand VII
His second part of the reign also called Trinenio Liberal was marked by the Pronunciamiento de Riego , by wich he was forced to be a constitutional monarch everyhing was putted down by the Holy alliance -
Cien mil hijos de San Luis
Sended by the Holy Alliance (Prusia, Austria Russia) to Spain as Ferdinand VII asked for help to put down the Pronunciamineto de Riego as he has taken up the Spanish constitution of 1812 made by the French during the invasion of Spain , this was more convenient for the liberals and the absolute monarchies saw this and decided to put all this down as this would mean a new wave of revolutions against the absolute monarchies.
The war was successful for the royalist -
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Last Reign of Ferdinand VII
His largest reign.
Marked mainly because of the political inestability as he got lots of enemies -
Pragmatic Sanction
This made the females get to the crown ,Ferdinand VII decreted this to promulgate that his unborn child was going to be the one who inherited the crown even if it was a female -
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Regency of Maria Cristina
The just born child Isabella II was too young to reign and her mother decided to take the control meanwhile she was growing up.
Maria Cristina tried to have the help of the liberals , and this caused the enemity against Don Carlos which was a bit more absolutist -
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First Carlist Civil War
The First Carlist Civil War lasted seven years. It was a civil war in Spain between the supporters of Carlos María Isidro de Borbón and an absolutist regime and the supporters of Isabel II and the regent María Cristina de Borbón, whose government was originally absolutist and ended in a liberal government for obtaining the popular support. -
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Reign of Isabella II
The reign of Elizabeth II is characterized by an attempt to modernize Spain that the content was, however, the internal tensions of the Liberals, who continued to exert pressure in favor of absolutism, totally influenced by the military government and the failure facing the economical difficulties.
Because of this, Spain reached the last third of the nineteenth century under unfavorable conditions compared to other European powers. -
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Regency of Espartero
This was the last regency before Isabell II reached her age of majority. This period is called Espartero because it was the general Baldomero Espartero who substituted María Cristina de Borbón after the 'revolution of 1840'. The Regency of Espartero ended when a military and civic movement forced Espartero to go into exile. After this, when Isabel II reached the age of thirteen, she reached her age of majority, starting her reign. -
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Second Carlist Civil War
In this Second Carlist War, the conflict took place mainly in Catalonia, because of, theorethically, the failure of the attempts of marrying Isabel II and Carlos Luis de Borbón. Isabel II finally married Francisco de Asís de Borbón, so the Isabel II supporters and Carlos Luis de Borbón supporters started to fight. The conflict was mainly an uprising in different places of Catalonia. Finally, Isabel II supporters won. -
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Spanish Glorious Revolution
This was a Spanish revolutionary uprising which supposed the dethronement of Isabel II. After this events, the first attempt of establishing a democratic regime in Spain takes place, first with the reign of Amadeo I, with a parliamentary monarchy, and later with the First Spanish Republic. However, both ways failured. -
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Amadeus Of Savoy
Amadeus I of Spain was King of Spain and the first Duke of Aosta. His reign, which lasted a little bit more than two years, was characterized by the politic inestability. He wasn't able to solve the crisis, which got even worse with the independentist conflict in Cuba, and a new Carlist War. -
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Third Carlist Civil War
This last Carlist War developed between the supporters of Charles, Duke of Madrid, and the supporters of Amadeo I, of the First Republic and Alfonso XII. This war developed mainly in Basque Country and Navarra. In this war, the triumph was for Alfonso XII. -
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First Spanish Republic
The First Spanish Republic was the politic regime in Spain since its proclamation by the Cortes Generales. The first republican attempt in the history of Spain was a short experience, characterized by the politic inestability. In its first eleven months there were four presidents, all of them from the same Republican Federal Party. The First Spanish Republic ended with the uprising of the general Martínez-Campos, which led to the Borbonic Restoration in Spain.
