1300s

Spread and Decline of Islam

By Audrey.Jen
  • 1 BCE

    632-661

    632-661
    Abu Bakr, the first Caliph, tried to spread Arabia into regions under the power of Medina. Islam spread rapidly because of the jihad, which sometimes led to "holy war" due to different interpretations. Muslim armies had many wars with the Byzantine and Persian empires. Arab and Muslim armies won over Syria, and Iraq from the Persians. Egypt also fell in 640. After this, Islam was spread in Africa and the Near East.
  • 1 BCE

    661-711

    661-711
    The end of the four caliphs was caused by the killing of Imam Ali. The four caliphs were Abu, Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. Muslims take over west Spain and eat India. Islam has control of most of the Iberian Peninsula. Muawiyah called himself a caliph.
  • 1 BCE

    711-732

    711-732
    Muslims spread to southern France, where they tried to move more northwest. They were then defeated by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III. This slowed down the Muslims from moving north. Meanwhile, the Muslims spread eastward.
  • 1 BCE

    732-750

    732-750
    Muslims are defeated at Potiers in France by Charles. The Abbasids take over rule from the Umayyads.
  • 1 BCE

    850-900

    850-900
    Abbassid took control over the Arab empire. In the 900s Seljuk migrated into the Middle East.
  • 1 BCE

    750-850

    Islamic religion spread to Baghdad, where they spoke Arabic language still. The city of Baghdad reached the greatest time under the rule of caliph Harun al-Rashid. He ruled from 786-805.
  • 1 BCE

    900-1055

    Seljuk Turks build a large empires and took over Islam. People of Seljuk took over Baghdad but left the caliph.The caliph's power decreased and this caused wars to start.
  • 1 BCE

    1055-1095

    A Seljuk took controlled Baghdad, but left the caliph. Christian pilgrims led Pope Urban II to start the First Crusade. Seljuks tried to go to Asia, and were warned by the Byzantine Empire.
  • 1 BCE

    1095-1099

    1095-1099
    Pope Urban 2 opens the Council of Clermont where ambassadors from Byzantine emperor asked for help from the Muslims. In 1099 Raymond begins the disorganized siege of Arqah, near Tripoli.
  • 1 BCE

    1099-1187

    The Muslims took Jerusalem from the Christians. After the death of their general Salah al-Din, the Christians took control of Jerusalem again.
  • 1 BCE

    1187-1216

    The year of Islamic victory. Ê Saladin crushes the Crusaders armies at Hittin, near Lake Tiberias. In 1216 there was an invation by the Crusaders.
  • 1 BCE

    1216-1258

    1216-1258
    Hulagu killed the last caliph and burned Baghdad. He also looted the city. The Mongols, led by Genghiz Khan, took the Mongols out of Asia.
  • 1 BCE

    1258-1300

    1258-1300
    In 1300s Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey. Another Mongol authority named Tamerlane, took his armies to the middle east. Tamerlane took over Muslims lands, Persia, and Mesopotamia. He then went to invade Russia and India.
  • 1 BCE

    1492

    1492
    In 1492 the christian forces fought Spain, they seized the last Muslim. Spain flourished as the center of Muslim civilization
  • 1 BCE

    1520

    1520
    The Golden age occurs, Sulieman is now the ruler of their Ottoman Empire.