Cold war

Post WWII Events

  • G.I. Bill

    G.I. Bill
    The G.I. Bill signed into law by FDR was an act that had a major effect, especially after World War II. This bill offers these veterans low-interest rates on houses and college tuition. Also, it grants money to start businesses. It is important to the timeline because it affected many US citizens who participated in World War II.
  • Iron Curtain

    Iron Curtain
    This is the day in which Winston Churchill declares that there is an "iron curtain" that separates the Western Europeans, capitalists, away from the Eastern Europeans, communism. It is a physical and ideological barrier that was put in place to keep the people in. This is important because it begins the Civil War and it was a barrier that was used by Stalin to keep people in and not allow them to leave.
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    Cold War

    The Cold War was never a war, but it was a war of ideologies. With the United States, it promoted capitalist and was willing to do what it took to keep the Soviets, communism, from taking over the world by spreading their ideology around.
  • Marshall Plan

    Marshall Plan
    On this day, President Truman placed into effect the Marshall Plan. This plan was devised by George Marshall and it was done to offer loans to rebuild Europe, restores Western Europe's faith in capitalism, and spreads American labor, farming, and manufacturing practices. It is important because it aided the US in trying to keep the world from becoming fully communism. The Marshall Plan is important to a timeline because it was a strategy to keep countries from being communism.
  • Berlin Airlift

    Berlin Airlift
    The Berlin Airlift occurred for a full year from 1948 to 1949. It was an event that took place as Stalin closed off the borders to Berlin for the capitalist countries. To alleviate this, the British and Americans would fly in supplies every day, and without this, the West Berlin people would not have been able to survive. Seeing this, Stalin decided to open up the borders once more. The Berlin Airlift is important because it keeps Western Berlin alive and gave them hope that everything is okay.
  • Fair Deal

    Fair Deal
    In Truman's State of the Union address to Congress, Truman talks about the Fair Deal. Truman wanted to focus on health care, public housing, education and public works. Truman, also, wanted minimum wage, electricity, and telephone access. The Fair Deal was a mixed success. The Fair Deal is important to this timeline because it was a policy that Truman tried to implement into the US, but unfortunately, it did not have the success that Truman envision.
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    1950s

    The 1950s was a period in which television became a big part of an American's life as well as the appearance of the Rock and Roll music, and lastly, the Beat Generation. President Truman and Eisenhower assumed the position of president during this time period.
  • "I Love Lucy"

    "I Love Lucy"
    The first episode of "I Love Lucy" appeared on CBS on this date. "I Love Lucy" was a show that portrayed ideals of the 1950s. These ideas were hard work and obedience. This is important for this timeline because it began the TV era in which people would watch TV for entertainment for the first time in the US.
  • Second Red Scare

    Second Red Scare
    The Red Scare occurred throughout the 1940s as well as the 1950s. It was a period of which many Americans were scared of the threat of communism entering the country and being around them. Joseph McCarthy, a prominent figure during this period, accused many falsely of being a communist. It is important to the timeline because it was a time in which many Americans were scared of the communist threat.
  • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Executed

    Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Executed
    Julius and Ethel were executed for giving atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets. Ethel was innocent, but Julius was really a spy. Also, the Verona Papers became predominate because it was a secret list of Soviet spies. This lead to an increased fear for many Americans over communism. It is important to the timeline because this even occurred due to the Second Red Scare. So, this was a support to show why the Second Red Scare was such an important time period in the US.
  • Stalemate at the Korean War and End of the War

    Stalemate at the Korean War and End of the War
    After two years of a stalemate between the North Koreans (communism) and South Koreans (capitalist), the war ends between the two, and the 38th Parallel is still the border which separates the two Koreas to this day. This is important to the timeline because the 38th Parallel is still in effect today and shows that the Cold War would have no winner.
  • Bill Haley and the Comets

    Bill Haley and the Comets
    Bill Haley and the Comets recorded "Rock Around The Clock." This song, to some, can be considered the Rock and Roll's Declaration of Independence. This is important because it sets forth many different groups as well as set forth the Rock and Roll culture.
  • Earl Warren Supreme Court

    Earl Warren Supreme Court
    Earl Warren's Supreme Court's was one of the most liberal in US history. Earl Warren leads the Court in far-reaching racial, social, and political rulings. This case, Brown vs. Board of Education, was presided over by Warren and lead to the desegregation of schools. This is important because the majority of US history had a moderate to conservative court, but Warren's Court was by far the most liberal.
  • Brown vs. Board of Education

    Brown vs. Board of Education
    This landmark case declared that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court asked that the states begin to desegregate right away, but many of the Southern states stalled for time. This event started the Civil Rights Movement due to them realizing that their rights are being violated by the Southern states. This is important because it began the civil rights movement that occured in the US.
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    Civil Rights Movement

    This time period began with the decision Brown vs. Board of Education and ended with the implementation of the Civil Rights Act of 1968. During this period, many African Americans, as well as other races, were advocating for social, cultural, and political changes. The approaches that took place varied with each person but in the end, they were able to instill the Civil Rights Act for themselves.
  • "Father Knows Best"

    "Father Knows Best"
    This show first aired on this date. It includes the character Jim Anderson who is trying to cope with the everyday. Like "I Love Lucy," this show also portrayed the ideals of the 1950s, obedience and hard work. Using the same concept as "I Love Lucy," this was another example of how TV became a source of entertainment for the American citizens.
  • Dr. Jonas Salk Vaccine

    Dr. Jonas Salk Vaccine
    On this day, Jonas Salk's polio vaccine was pronounced as safe and is able to cure many who had polio.
  • Emmett Till Tragedy

    Emmett Till Tragedy
    Emmett Till died on August 28, 1955. This sparked the Civil Rights Movement due to how it occurred. Till was lynched in Mississippi after being falsely accused of flirting with a white woman. (She later denies it.) Emmett, though, was beaten to death by her husband and Till's mother had an open casket to show the atrocities that were committed on her son. This contributed to the civil rights movement in where blacks were fighting for their rights.
  • Little Richard

    Little Richard
    In 1955, Little Richard became in association with Specialty Records producer Art Rupe. In September, Little Richard produced the song "Tutti-Frutti," which became an instant Billboard hit. This song reached number 17. He is important because he was a major part of the music culture during his time and still has an effect today.
  • Rosa Parks

    Rosa Parks
    On this date, Rosa Parks refused to obey bus driver Blake's order to give up her seat to a white person. This lead to her arrest as well as the Montgomery Bus Boycott in which many blacks resisted to ride on these buses. It contributed to the growing civil rights movement.
  • Elvis Presley

    Elvis Presley
    With his release of "Heartbreak Hotel," Elvis Presley became a celebrity after this song became his first umber one hit. Elvis became a national sensation and many teenagers packed into his show. Elvis is important because he became a sensation in the culture of the US.
  • Civil Rights Act of 1957

    Civil Rights Act of 1957
    The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was signed into law by Dwight D. Eisenhower. This act established a civil rights commission, but had little real effect and was mostly symbolic. Many actions of the whites still continued even after the implemenation of the act.
  • Albert Sabin

    Albert Sabin
    Albert Sabin's vaccine for polio, which was oral, was first tested outside the US from 1957 to 1959. This vaccine became a successful vaccine which was used to eradicate polio throughout the world.
  • Formation of NASA

    Formation of NASA
    NASA, a federal agency, was created on this day by Dwight D. Eisenhower. This was done after the launch of the USSR, Sputnik. into space. With this, Dwight D. Eisenhower put funds and an emphasis on education to keep up with the USSR. NASA was created due to this reason.
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    1960s

    During this decade in the United States, many events occurred. It was dominated by the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Protest. It also included the assassinations of President Kennedy and MLK. The Cuban Missile Crisis also took place and lastly, the United States landed the first man on the moon.
  • Greensboro's Sit-Ins

    Greensboro's Sit-Ins
    On this date, four students sat at a lunch counter at Woolworth's in Greensboro where their official policy was to refuse service to anyone but whites. They were denied service, yet they refused to give up their seats. Police arrived on the scene but couldn't do anything because of the lack of provocation. This event set into effect many other sit-ins that occurred throughout many Southern cities.
  • New Frontier

    New Frontier
    The New Frontier was a campaign program advocated by JFK. He promised to revitalize the economy and enact reform legislation in education, health care, and civil rights. (JFK was a very liberal Democratic president.)
  • OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

    OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
    OPEC was created at the Baghdad Conference on September 10-14, 1960. It is an organization that controls access to and prices of oil. In a sublime way, it gradually strengthened the hand of non-western powers. It is an organization that still exists today and deserves to be on the timeline because of that reason.
  • Nixon and Kennedy Debates

    Nixon and Kennedy Debates
    On this day, it was the first televised presidential debate in American history. Kennedy appeared ready for the spotlight and seemed calmer as opposed to Nixon who wasn't ready for the spotlight. Many Americans believed that Kennedy won the television debates, but Americans believed that Nixon won the radio debates. These debates played a major role in determing who won the election.
  • Peace Corps

    Peace Corps
    The Peace Corps, founded by JFK, inspired young college graduates to work in poor countries. These can also be known as humanitarian projects. JFK also put this to effect to spread good ideas about capitalism. It was important because it was an approach to make people like capitalism over communism.
  • Bay of PIgs

    Bay of PIgs
    A three-day event, April 17 to 19, it was a failed invasion of Cuba by the US. CIA assured Kennedy that the operation was going to be successful, but the exiles were beaten by the Cubans. Kennedy took the blame but privately blamed the CIA. It was important because if Kennedy made a wrong decison, there might have been a WWIII.
  • Kennedy's Speech at Rice University

    Kennedy's Speech at Rice University
    On this day, in front of a crowd gathering at Rice University, President Kennedy delivers a speech about how the American people should support the national effort to land a man on the moon and bring him back safely. Kennedy gave this speech in response to the USSR's Sputnik. This is important because the US followed through and landed on the moon before the USSR.
  • March on Washington

    March on Washington
    On this day, more than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington DC for a political rally. MLK gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech which was a call for the American government for racial justice and equality. This was important because MLK continues to stress the non-violent approach which, in a way, contributed to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
  • Assassination of JFK

    Assassination of JFK
    On this day, JFK was assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas' Dealey Plaza. There were two deaths. One was, of course, Kennedy and the other was J.D. Tippit. There are many conspiracy theories as to who killed Kennedy and how many killers were involved. It is still widely debated today as to who killed JFK.
  • Lee Harvey Oswald

    Lee Harvey Oswald
    Lee Harvey Oswald was a former American US Marine who was charged with the assassination of JFK on November 22, 1963. He believed that he was framed and many people believed that there was more than one shooter. Unfortunately, for Oswald, he was the only one that was convicted of the murder, and he, himself, would die two days later after being shot by Jack Ruby. He is important because he might have played a major role in a killing of the president.
  • Jack Ruby

    Jack Ruby
    Just two days after Lee Harvey Oswald killed JFK, Jack Ruby killed Oswald. Ruby is a Dallas nightclub owner. The gun that was used by Ruby was a .38 revolver, and he killed him in an area packed with press and policemen. This made it impossible to find out any more about Oswald's intention of killing JFK or if he did kill JFK.
  • Great Society

    Great Society
    The Great Society was a set of domestic programs that were put in placed by Democratic President LBJ. It included federally sponsored social welfare programs. It promised education and good standards of living. The Great Society wasn't done on just this one day but throughout the whole year.
  • Civil Rights Act of 1964

    Civil Rights Act of 1964
    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was proposed by JFK, but it was signed into law by President LBJ. It was an that ended segregation in public areas as well as ban employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It is still an act in effect today.
  • Daisy Girl Ad

    Daisy Girl Ad
    This ad was played to the fears of the Cold war mentally. It was a presidential ad by Johnson in response to Goldwater's NATO comments. Johnson considered Goldwater a genocidal maniac because Goldwater believed that commanders should have the authority of when to use nuclear weapons. This ad put many American's faith in LBJ instead of Goldwater.
  • Warren Commission

    Warren Commission
    On this day, the Warren Commission was released to President Johnson. After the assassination of JFK, President LBJ enforced Executive Order 11130 which calls the Warren Commission to investigate the death of JFK. The Warren Commission, an 888-page document concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald acted entirely alone. Many Americans found this controversial and didn't believe what was concldued.
  • Barry Goldwater

    Barry Goldwater
    Running against Lyndon Johnson was the Republican, Barry Goldwater. He was an Arizona Senator who was very conservative as opposed to Johnson. He wanted to get rid of the New Deal and the Great Society, though he did want to keep parts of each. He did not win. His conservative ideas placed him at a disadvantage against LBJ.
  • Voting Rights Act of 1965

    Voting Rights Act of 1965
    The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law by President LBJ. It was an act that invalidated the use of any test to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners, if necessary, to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks. As the years passed, Congress has amended many times to expand its protection. The Voting Rights Act is still in effect today.
  • Death of MLK

    Death of MLK
    On this date, MLK was shot to death at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. It led to an outpouring of anger among black Americans, as well as a period of national mourning that sped the way for a bill that would be the last of the Civil Rights era.
  • Stonewall Riot

    Stonewall Riot
    On this date, there was a police raid that took place due to gay people that were staying there. This triggered the Stonewall Riots which were many violent demonstrations by members of the LGBT community. It became a symbol of oppression of gays and began the gay pride movement.
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    1970s

    The 1970s, in some ways, was a continuation of the 1960s. Many different social and culture groups were still fighting for equality. It is famous for the rise of disco, but it was also an era of economic struggles, cultural change and technological innovation.
  • Stagflation

    Stagflation
    Stagflation occurred throughout the entire 1970s. It was an economic situation where the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains high. It contributed to Carter's downfall of the election of 1980 due to his inability to fix stagflation.
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
    The EPA was signed into law by Nixon. It was designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and factors that negatively influence the natural environment. The creation was a commitment by the federal government to actively combat environmental risk. It is still in existence today though Trump is trying to cut its funds.
  • Equal Rights Amendment

    Equal Rights Amendment
    On this date, the Equal Rights Amendment passed the US Senate and the House of Representatives which lead to it being sent to the state for ratification. Unfortunately, it would fall short of the three-fourths needed to become an amendment. The Equal Rights Amendment, to understand, is an amendment that outlaws discrimination based on gender.
  • Watergate Scandal

    Watergate Scandal
    People close to Nixon, dressed as plumbers, were involved in a burglary at the headquarters of the Democratic party. Nixon denied it but many were asking him to hand over the tapes. He did, but it was the edited version which didn't implicate him of having connections to the scandal. The Supreme Court told Nixon that he couldn't hide all the tapes. [Executive Privledge] He released the unedited tapes which shows his guilt in the cover-up. He resigned before he was going to be impeached.
  • Title IX

    Title IX
    On this date, Richard Nixon signed into effect Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX is a provision that prohibited sex discrimination in any education programs or activities that are funded by the government. This was a success for the women's rights movement.
  • Roe Vs. Wade

    Roe Vs. Wade
    Roe V. Wade was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. The court ruled 7-2 that gave women the opportunity to have an abortion and ruled state laws against abortion was unconstitutional. The court decided on three trimesters with each trimester putting more provisions as compared to the last. Many states, today, have put through many laws trying to limit abortion.
  • Heritage Foundation

    Heritage Foundation
    The Heritage Foundation is an interest group which consists of conservative ideas. It promotes principles that made America great. These include free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong military. The Heritage Foundation is still very prominent today.
  • Endangered Species Act

    Endangered Species Act
    The Endangered Species Act was signed into effect by Richard Nixon. It was an act that was used to identified threatened and endangered species in the United States It placed their protection over and ahead of the economic gains. The act is still in effect today.
  • Three-Mile Island

    Three-Mile Island
    On this date, on Three-Mile Island in Pennsylvania, there was a partial nuclear meltdown. It was a mechanical and human error that permitted an escape of radiation over a 16-mile radius. Luckily, no one was sickened. This, though, led many Americans to become wary of nuclear power.
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    1980s

    Many Americans embraced a new conservatism in social, economic, and political life which can be characterized by the policies of President Ronald Reagan. (Republican) This decade saw the rise of the yuppie and the emergence of cable networks like MTV.
  • Robert Johnson

    Robert Johnson
    On this day, the network, BET, was first aired. The founder, Robert Johnson, recognized that television programs weren't designed for the African American public, so he created BET to reach out to that demographic. Johnson became the first black American billionaire.
  • Reaganomics

    Reaganomics
    During Ronald Reagan's campaign, Reagan came up with policies and ideas which would fix the mess that the US economy was in. This became known as Reaganomics. The policies that were involved included supply-side tax cuts and domestic budget cutting. The purpose was to reduce the size of the federal government (less government regulations) and stimulate economic growth. All of these are major ideas of conservatives to this day.
  • Election of 1980

    Election of 1980
    In the election of 1980, it was a presidential debate between Ronald Reagan (Republican) and Jimmy Carter (Democratic). With the failing economy and the many issues of the United States at the time of the election, Jimmy Carter was a president that was there at the wrong time, like Hoover. Knowing this, Reagan overwhelmingly won the election and America begins its turn to a conservative government.
  • MTV's First Episode

    MTV's First Episode
    MTV: Music Television goes on the air for the first time ever. The Buggles "Video Killed the Radio Star" was the first music video to be shown on the new cable channel. MTV would play an influential role in the music industry and become a major source of pop culture and entertainment in the US as well as other parts of the world.
  • Sandra Day O'Connor

    Sandra Day O'Connor
    On this day, Sandra Day O'Connor became the first woman to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Nominated by Reagan, she received unanimous approval from the US Senate in Congress. As a justice, she was a moderate conservative. She, though, voted for what she believed was best when compared to the Constitution instead of the politician's talks.
  • A.I.D.S Crisis

    A.I.D.S Crisis
    On this day, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention began to use the term 'AIDS' (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). By 1989, the number of reported AIDS cases in the USA was over 100,000. This is important because many were affected by the AIDS Crisis like Magic Johnson who was a basketball player for the Lakers.
  • Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)

    Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars)
    This program was initiated by President Ronald Regan. The purpose of this program was to develop an anti-ballistic missile system to prevent missile attacks from other countries. It was also intended to give Soviets the same technology, but Reagan was hoping that the Soviets would go bankrupt in doing so. It was considered a failure for the US.
  • Reagan Doctrine

    Reagan Doctrine
    During his State of the Union address, President Reagan defines his foreign policy which became known as the "Reagan Doctrine." There would be US support anywhere in the world to support anticommunist activity. For example, Afghanistan, as well as many other countries, the US provided aid. This was Reagan's fight against the communist using military force if necessary.
  • Challenger Explosion

    Challenger Explosion
    The tenth mission of Challenger ended in a disaster. There were seven astronauts that lost their lives which included Christa McAuliffe who was chosen by NASA to pioneer its Teacher in Space program. To begin, it was delayed for six days due to weather among many other problems. The morning of January 29 was unusually cold which could have led to problems. These problems were ignored. The shuttle, when in the air, broke up in fire and smoke. This single event traumatize the nation.
  • Oprah Winfrey

    Oprah Winfrey
    In this year, Oprah Winfrey established Harpo Productions. She became a part of TIME 100 Most influential of the 20th Century. In 2003, Forbes had her listed as the first African American female billionaire. She is known as a great philanthropist. It is important for this timeline because she's still a major figure today and many of the shows are still happening today.
  • Iran Contra Affair

    Iran Contra Affair
    On this day, Eugene Hasenfus confessed that he was shipping military supplies for use by the Contras which were funded by the United States. He, also, revealed that the operation was really run by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. The affair is when the Reagan administration would sell weapons to Iran and he would secretly arm the Contras. Colonel Oliver North was key in covering up their actions. This is a major event because it was a possible scandal that could have implicated Reagan.
  • Fall of the Berlin Wall

    Fall of the Berlin Wall
    The falling of the Berlin Wall signifies the end of the Cold War and the war between the two ideologies, the western world that was advocating for capitalist and the eastern world that was advocating for communism. Many Eastern Europeans felt like it was a new sense of freedom as the Berlin Wall was destroyed.
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    1990s

    The 1990s was known as the good decade or even, to some, one of the best decades ever according to the New York Times. It was a decade that can be coined the golden age of U.S. culture. The economy was booming in the US as it was a period of economic prosperity in which the GDP increased continuously for nearly ten years.
  • Rodney King Incident

    Rodney King Incident
    Robbery parolee Rodney King stops his car after leading the police on an eight-mile pursuit through the streets of Los Angeles. King was beaten by the policeman. In the end, King received 56 blows from nightsticks while many officers watched. It is important because it shows the discrimination against blacks some 20 years after the Civil Rights movement.
  • Lionel Sosa

    Lionel Sosa
    Lionel Sosa is the founder of Sosa, Bromley, Aguilar and Associates. Today, it is called Bromley Communications. It is the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the US. In this year [no specific date], this organization was named NCNB's first ever Hispanic Agency of Record.
  • Election of 1992

    Election of 1992
    The election of 1992 took place on this date. It was a presidential race between Republican George H.W. Bush, Democratic Bill Clinton, and Independent Ross Perot. In the end, Bill Clinton was victorious as he convincingly won the electoral college, 370 to 168. This was an important event because it was a presidential election, and it led to a more liberal approach with Clinton being a Democratic.
  • World Trade Center Attack

    World Trade Center Attack
    Terrorists parked a rental in the garage below the World Trade Center and lit fuses from homemade bombs. Six people died and more than a 1,000 were injured. The FBI agents arrested Mohammad Salameh as well as many others. It was one of the worst terrorist attacks to occur on U.S soil, but it would be overshadowed by 9/11.This was a major event that was shown on this timeline because it leads the way to the 9/11 attacks. 1993 was one of the major ones to occur before being overshadowed by 9/11.
  • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

    North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
    NAFTA was signed into law by President Clinton on this date but took effect on New Year's Day of 1994. Under this agreement, the United States, Canada, and Mexico became a single integrated market of nearly 400 million people with an estimated $6.5 trillion worth of goods and services yearly. This is an important part of the timeline because it is still in existence today and still a major part of the United State's economy.
  • Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy

    Don't Ask, Don't Tell Policy
    The "Don't ask, don't tell" policy was instituted by Bill Clinton. It restricted US military personnel's efforts to discriminate or harass those "secret" LGBT while barring those who are openly LGBT from the military service. The latter part of the act was repealed and open LGBT are able to serve in the military. This is important because it was another part of the gay right's movement.
  • Contract with America

    Contract with America
    In the congressional elections, Congressman Newt Gingrich had Republican candidates sign a document in which they would pledge their support for such things as a balanced budget amendment as well as other policies. It sought to unify ideologically Republicans congressional campaigns. Republicans would capture the Senate and the House for the first time in forty years. Contract with America was important because it helped the Republicans win over Congress after it being run by the Democrats.
  • Defense of of Marriage Act (DOMA)

    Defense of of Marriage Act (DOMA)
    The Defense of Marriage Act was a United States federal law that was enacted by President Clinton. It defined marriage as between man and women. Many states, however, extended benefits to same-sex partners and many states legalized these marriages. This is important because of how conservative this act and shows a shift in a liberal government to this new conservative movement.
  • Lewinsky Affair

    Lewinsky Affair
    On this date, several news organizations reported that there was an alleged sexual relationship between Lewinsky and Clinton. Clinton denied these allegations as the scandal erupts. Clinton would testify to Starr that he did no wrong. House of Representatives impeaches Clinton for lying under oath, obstruction of justice. The charges, unfortunately, didn't get the 2/3 vote required to remove Clinton from office. This is important because it was an affair that nearly got a president impeached.
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    Comtemporary (Until Obama's Last Day)

    During this decade, the US encountered many events. Beginning with the 9/11 attacks to killing Osama Bin Laden, the United States experienced ups and downs in this time period. Looking at the presidential elections, the United States finally had its first African-American president, Barack Obama.
  • Compassionate Conservatism

    Compassionate Conservatism
    Compassionate Conservatism was a political philosophy that was put forth by George W. Bush. Bush believed in using traditionally conservative techniques and concepts to improve the welfare of the United States as a whole. This is an important aspect of the timeline because this is the ideological idea and policy that George Bush tried to fulfill in his term as president.
  • Election of 2000

    Election of 2000
    The election of 2000 was a presidential race between Republican George W. Bush and Democratic Al Gore. This was the closest presidential election in US history with a 0.009%, 537 votes, separating the two candidates in the state of Florida. Gore had 540,000 more votes than Bush. Unfortunately for Gore, he lost the electoral vote, 271 to 266. This is important to the timeline because it was a presidental election that involved a change in candiates.
  • 9/11

    9/11
    9/11 was the worst terrorist attack in US history. Nineteen hijackers seized control of four planes. Two of these planes flew into the Twin Towers. One crashed into the Pentagon, and the last one crashed in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. New York would, later, construct a monument to honor those whose lives were lost in this cruel disaster. This is important to the timeline because of the very first sentence.
  • PATRIOT Act

    PATRIOT Act
    The PATRIOT Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush. It was done in response to the terrorist attacks on 9/11. The act strengthens the federal government's power to conduct surveillance, perform searches, and the ability to detain individuals in order to combat terrorism. Many Americans can look at this as a violation of their rights, but the Republicans believed that this act was necessary for national security. This is important because it was a response to the 9/11 attacks.
  • No Child Left Behind Education Act

    No Child Left Behind Education Act
    The No Child Left Behind Education Act was signed into law by President George W. Bush which required states to adopt education accountability standards. Students must be standardized tested yearly. Lastly, failure to comply with these requirements, sanctions will be placed on the schools. This is important because it set forward the yearly STAAR exams that have to be taken by the students in Texas.
  • Election of 2008

    Election of 2008
    The Election of 2008 occurred on this day, and it was the most influential elections to have occurred in the US. It was a race between Democratic Barack Obama and Republican John McCain. Obama won, and he finally became the first African-American President. The electoral votes were in favor of Obama by a large margin, 365 to 173. This became important as this was the first time that an African American was elected president.
  • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

    American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
    The act was effective and signed into law by President Obama. This act was to use $787 million to revive the economy in the US. It created jobs, promote investments and consumer spending. This was important to the timeline because it was a response by President Obama to get the United States out of the Great Recession of 2008.
  • Sonia Sotomayor

    Sonia Sotomayor
    On this date, Sonia Sotomayor was nominated by President Barack Obama. She would become the first Latina Supreme Court Justice in U.S history. This is an important event that should be added to this timeline because she was a first and that is in need of some recognition.
  • Affordable Care Act (ACA) "Obamacare"

    Affordable Care Act (ACA) "Obamacare"
    On this date, the ACA was signed into law by President Obama. It was an expansion of Medicaid. Most of the employers must provide health insurance. It also states that everyone should have healthcare. This is an important piece to the timeline because it is being debated right now with Trump with Congress thinking about repealing it.
  • Undoing of DOMA

    Undoing of DOMA
    On this day, the Supreme Court struck down DOMA Section 3. It was the undoing of DOMA which was an act that considered marriage only to be between one man and one woman. The undoing of DOMA is important to the timeline because it shows the shift from a conservative president to a liberal president who was in favor of rights for all people.