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Aug 30, 1500
Land Bridge
The most popular theory (way) for people to travel from Asia to North America. Land bridge is a connection between two landmasses. -
Period: Aug 30, 1500 to
Population
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Sep 2, 1500
Europeans and Natives
Europeans thought they were superior to the Natives
Europeans learned from the Natives to
survive the winter, clothing, to navigate to there destinations, how to eat corn, pumpkins and maple syrup
Natives were from the Europeans
weapons, iron tools, salt, bread and alcohol.
(but because natives never had alcohol it was a shock to their digestive system, also europeans brought many diseases and passed them on to the natives.) -
Sep 20, 1500
Native groups: Iroquian
In the Native group there was different groups:
Iroquoians lived a sedentary lifestyle and they lived in villages with hundreds to thousands of habitants. After 10 - 15 years of living in the same spot they would need to move because they depended on agriculture and and needed new fertile soil etc. -
Sep 21, 1500
Relations with the Native population 1500-1750
Relations with the Native people:
Aboriginal population is obliterated by diseases and wars etc.
There is some french that have a baby with a native, that is called metissage.
Migration, which is a change of the natives occupation of the territory. -
Sep 25, 1500
Native groups: Algonquin
In the Native group there was different groups:
Algonquians, lived a nomadic lifestyle, they lives in small groups as they moved often which made it easier to move smaller groups of habitants. They relied on hunting, gathering and fishing to live. -
Aug 30, 1534
Jacques Cartier (3 voyages)
Came to North America to
Find a new route to Asia
Find riches (ex:gold)
Claim land for the King
Voyages
1. 1534 Searched for and found the St. Laurence Gulf and found gold, fish and timber.
2. 1535 Sailed up the St. Laurence and found Quebec.
3. 1541 Tried to set up a colony but failed. -
FIRST OCCUPANTS: 1400-1608
The first occupants of Quebec's territory arrived thousands of years before the Europeans. Natives have been in Quebec for approximately 12000 years. Non-natives i.e. Europeans have live here for approximately 400 years. -
Seigneurial regime
To farm the new colony, they needed a way to divide the land. So they created the seigneurial system. Then the king would give pieces of land to rich french people like lords and seigneurs. Although, they would have to develop it and they would also make peasants (censitaires) pay rent who would live on the land. -
Port Royal
The king sent a voyage establish a settlement in Nova Scotia that was called the Port Royal. Samuel De Champlain was involved in the settlement of the Port Royal. Unfortunately the Port Royal was not successful because of its placement/position. -
Samuel De Champlain (returned in 1608-09)
Samuel de Champlain came back to Quebec to station a trading post , that would then be named New France. -
The company of one hundred associates
The King of France mandated the Company of One Hundred Associates to populate the colony. The company attracted several hundred colonists.
The immigrants that came were mostly men who came to trade fur or to battle against the Iroquois. Some came with spouses,Lords and religious communities who recruited more than 200 hundred girls, yet men were still outnumbered, so there were still many single men. -
Paul Chomedy
Paul Chomedy, Sieur de Maisonneuve, founded Ville-Marie. Ville-Marie which is close to Hochelaga which is a Iroquoian village. Along with Paul Chomedy Jeanne Mance also help found Ville-Marie. The reason of this settlement was to evangelize the Amerindians but it became a huge trading post as it was situated in the middle of the Amerindian territory. In the 18th century it was renamed Montreal. -
Jean Talon
The King named Jean Talon intendant to do anything he could to increase the population in New France. He offered retired soldiers free land if they stayed and he got criminals (thieves etc.) trying to escape from prison in France and brought them to New France. Also, Jean Talon payed young married couples, as well he fined father's who's daughter's 17yrs and older who were not married. Single men who were 21 yrs or older were fined if not married. -
Birth incentives
Minister Colbert encourage New France families to have many children as he feared that immigration policies would diminish the population. He then had intendant Jean Talon implement a policy that would increase the birth rate -
Filles Du Roi
Orphan girls living on the streets in France were brought to New France by boat. When they got there the Filles Du Roi were married very quickly. Although the marriages were stricktly buissness. The women were there to reproduces and increase the population. -
Composition of the population
The majority of the population were men but they were needed for fur trade. The total population was made up of : europeans, aboriginal, métis and slaves.
The social classes were:
1. Nobility/ Elite (governor)
2.Middle class/ bourgeoisie (seigneurs)
3. Peasants (censitaires)
The different social classes didn't mix. ex) elite mixed a little with the bourgeois and bourgeois mixed a little with the peasants but peasants and elite never mixed. -
Life expenctancy
Mortality rate was very high in Quebec. The amount of deaths were caused by: bad quality of milk and water, unsanitary conditions, wars, famine, severe cold,the spreading of contagious diseases.
There was 24-40 deaths per 1000 inhabitants. In the 19th century the life expenctancy improved as they had more medical advances.(like vaccines) when 3000 deaths occurred from smallpox in MTL vaccines were mandatory. -
British Regime 1760-1867
The british though that they were superior and they only wanted english speaking people to come in.
IMMIGRATION POLICIES
population in New France 99% French and 1% English
All the rich French left as they were wealthy enough to leave
- The French didn't want to live by the british rules -
Religious diversification
Under the British regime, the majority of the new people arriving were not Catholics anymore. The Irish were Protestants and Catholics. The British were usually Protestants and Jews. In the 19th century, the majority of the immigrants were Irish. Out of the many catholics, most of them integrated into the French Canadian community. -
Effects of the loyalists
Loyalists are people who want the British to be in power. During the American Revolution they had to leave the US as they were treated with hostility or could of gotten killed, so they came to Canada. Most settled in the Maritimes and others settled in Quebec. In Quebec, the english population increased from 1% to 10%. Also due to the Irish potato famine, the Irish immigrated to Quebec and as they were also catholic most of them stayed. The conditions were not too good and deceases spread. -
Increase of the urban population
The effect of urbanization on the occupation of territory.
Rural exodus:(the migratory pattern of peoples from rural areas into urban areas. It is urbanization seen from the rural perspective)
Also the development of of the working people neighbourhoods.
Urban sprawl:(definition:the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.) -
Contagious diseases
With immigration, contagious diseases spread. British immigrants brought cholera over , a deadly diseases which had no cure at the time. A cholera epidemic hit Canada in 1832, in Quebec city more than 3000 (10-15%) died. After that immigrants arriving in Canada were put into quarantine on Grosse-ile. Once the immigrants arrived at Grosse-ile they received medical examinations and the sick were isolate from the rest. -
Different Policies to promote immigration
The impacts of Policies to promote immigration on the formation of the population.
National policy in 1878: they recruited immigrants to populate the Canadian land grants. Although, if you were white and spoke English you were probably more guaranteed to be allowed into Canada, then other people of different race.
Often there was waves of immigrants after international events. -
Emigration to the United States and the west
Some things that contributed to the emigration if the US and the West: the deprivation of employment in the agricultural region (end of the 19th century and beginning of 20th century)
also industrialization in the same time period
and when the smartest and most skilled workers leave to pursue better opportunities.( When the best and the brightest are being approached by other countries. The smart ones would be persuaded into going somewhere else.) -
Immigration diversification
After world war 2 , the prime minister of Canada, started to accept immigration again for good economic growth. Canada implemented a sponsorship program to allow immigrants already staying in the country to help family members to also settle in Canada. In the advertisements for Canada West the illustration showed nice and happy people, a nice farm with healthy crops, houses, healthy animals etc., but that wasn't the case, all you received was a undeveloped piece of land.
