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Establishment of Habitation of Quebec
Samuel de Champlain wanted to establish a permanent trading post upstream from Tadoussac with the East and to spend the winter there.
• When the snow melted, Champlain was ahead of the competition and he could trade on his own with natives first.
• From here he found a site upriver that rose ninety-eight meters above sea level and he also noted that, at this point, the St. Lawrence was only one kilometer wide.
• Champlain decided to call his colony by its Algonkin name, Quebec. -
Company of One Hundred Associates
Created by Cardinal Richelieu, in 1627 formed with a capital of 300,000 livres divided into 100 shares. Displaced the Montmorency company.
• With this company, French associates transport to Canada 4,000 colonist before 1653 and were to be supported during their first three years in the colony.
• In return, the Company was granted in perpetuity the whole country of New France.
• Granted to be the monopoly of the fur-trade -
Ursuline Nuns Arrive
Urgent appeal came from Canada for religious women to undertake the arduous task of training its Indian girls to Christian habits of life.
• A French widow named Madame de la Peltrie offered herself and all that she had to find a mission in Canada.
• At the death of Marie de l'Incarnation, there was an upper town and a lower town-her convent. The little colony expanded and survived.
• The History of the Ursulines evolved New France .When they began their first work, Quebec was but a name. -
Royal Proclamation
French government entrusted the Compagnie des Cent-Associés with establishing a French empire in North America.Compagnie did not produce the desired result - charter was withdrawn in 1663.
• King Louis had to lead NF, and introduced the Royal Proclamation, giving it what it needed to set up a justice system like that of the mother country
• The political and legal landscape was altered by the imperialistic designs of Great Britain and France, which brought these two powers into conflict -
Formalization of the Canadian Military
King Louis XIV of France and Jean Colbert ordered the Governor of New France, to establish a permanent militia force in the colony.
• When the new governor, Louis de Baude, Comte de Frontenac, arrived from France in 1672, he discovered that still, no permanent militia force existed. He began to implement Colbert’s orders
• Frances defenses had to improve.
• Within a year, he had established a permanent militia. Veteran soldiers from the Régiment de Carignan-Salières who had settled in Canada. -
Slavery is Established in New France
In 1688, François Ruette d'Auteuil, the Attorney General of the colony's Sovereign Council, went to Paris to seek permission for the importation of black slaves from the Caribbean. • The king eventually capitulated despite the weather threats and authorized importation from France’s Caribbean colonies.
• Nevertheless, the number of black slaves in New France remained low compared to a number of Native slaves, especially in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
• Built economy! -
Seven Years War
French expansion into the Ohio River valley repeatedly brought France into armed conflict with the British colonies.
• British PM recognized the potential of expansion that would come out of victory and credit funded war expansions to dominate.
• By 1760, the French had been expelled from Canada - 1763 all of France’s allies in Europe had either made a separate peace with Prussia or had been defeated.
• The Spanish failed - France then suffered defeats against British forces in India too -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War.
• Terms: France gave up all its territories in the mainland and North America, ending the military threat to British colonies in North America
• French negotiator Choiseul acted upon the global debt from this war and proposed the treaty with terms to redistribute lands between the battling nations to end the war.
• French territories west of the Mississippi would become Spanish, along with the port of New Orleans
